1498 Meiō earthquake

Coordinates: 34°00′N 138°00′E / 34.0°N 138.0°E / 34.0; 138.0
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
1498 Meiō earthquake
Nankai megathrust
Areas affectedJapan
TsunamiYes
Casualties5,000–41,000 deaths[1][2]

The 1498 Meiō earthquake (明応地震 Meiō Jishin) occurred off the coast of Nankaidō, Japan, at about 08:00 local time[3] on 20 September 1498.[1] It had a magnitude estimated at 8.6 Ms[1] and triggered a large tsunami. The death toll associated with this event is uncertain, but between 5,000 and 41,000 casualties were reported.[2] The tsunami caused by the Meiō Nankaidō earthquake washed away the building housing the statue of the Great Buddha at Kōtoku-in in Kamakura, although the statue itself remained intact.

Tectonic setting

The southern coast of Honshū runs parallel to the

convergent plate boundary leads to many earthquakes, some of them of megathrust type. The Nankai megathrust has five distinct segments (A–E) that can rupture independently,[4][5] the segments have ruptured either singly or together repeatedly over the last 1,300 years.[6]

Megathrust earthquakes on this structure tend to occur in pairs, with a relatively short time gap between them. In addition to the two events in 1854, there were similar earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. In each case, the northeastern segment ruptured before the southwestern segment.[7] In the 1498 event, the earthquake is thought to have ruptured segments C, D and E and possibly A and B. If both parts of the megathrust ruptured, the events were either simultaneous, or close enough in time, to not be distinguished by historical sources.[5]

Characteristics

Severe shaking caused by this earthquake was recorded from

Kamakura, where it destroyed the building housing the statue of the Great Buddha at Kōtoku-in,[8] although the statue itself survived and has remained outdoors ever since. There is also evidence of severe shaking from records of ground liquefaction in the Nankai area.[9] Tsunami deposits attributed to this earthquake have been described from the coastal plains around the Sagami Trough and the Izu Peninsula.[10]

Uplift of the seafloor of up to 4 m has been estimated for this earthquake, with a much smaller subsidence near the coast.

Enshū Nada
); this formed a channel to the sea, which still remains today.

See also

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 30 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  2. ^
    doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 30 March 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  3. ^ IISEE. "IISEE search page". Retrieved 6 January 2011.
  4. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(75)90102-X
    .
  5. ^ a b Ishibashi, K. (2004). "Status of historical seismology in Japan" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 47 (2/3): 339–368. Retrieved 2009-11-22.
  6. ^ Sieh, K.E. (1981). A Review of Geological Evidence for Recurrence Times of Large Earthquakes (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-04. Retrieved 2009-11-13.
  7. S2CID 45347574
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-87590-403-0
    .
  9. doi:10.1186/BF03352219
    . Retrieved 30 October 2010.
  10. ISBN 978-3-7643-8363-3
    .
  11. ISBN 978-981-4277-47-1
    . Retrieved 30 October 2009.
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