1914 in Italy
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Events from the year 1914 in Italy.
Kingdom of Italy
- Monarch – Victor Emmanuel III(1900–1946)
- Prime Minister –
- Giovanni Giolitti (1911–1914)
- Antonio Salandra (1914–1916)
- Population – 35,701,000
Events
Despite Italy's official alliance to the German Empire and Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance, the country initially remained neutral in the initial stage of World War I, claiming that the Triple Alliance was only for defensive purposes.
March
- March 10 – Prime Minister Giovanni Giolitti resigns, as a result of the resignation of radical ministers.[1]
- March 21 – The cons a new government. The government attempts to win the support of nationalists and moves to the political right.[2]
May
- May 1 – In Trieste clashes break out between Slovenes and Italian irredentists, who organize demonstrations in many Italian cities.[1]
- May 8 – The 4.9 Mercalli intensityof X (Extreme) causing severe damage and 120 deaths.
- May 23 – International exhibition of marine and maritime hygiene opens in Genoa[3]
June
- June 7 – Italian Royal Army forcefully restored calm after having used thousands of men to put down the various protesting forces.[2]
- June 28 – First World War when Austria-Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia, which was partially rejected. Austria-Hungary then declared war.
August
- August 3 – At the outbreak of Gabriele d'Annunziowho helped sway the Italian public to support intervention in the war.
- August 20 – Papal conclave assembles and elects Pope Benedict XV on September 3, 1914. He immediately declares the neutrality of the Holy Seein World War I.
October
- October 16 – Foreign Minister Paternò Castello dies and is succeeded ad interim by Prime Minister Salandra.
- October 18 – Avanti!, declares to be in favour of intervention on the side of the Triple Entente.[1]
- October 20 – The leadership of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI), meeting in Bologna, rejects the motion contrary to the absolute neutrality presented by Mussolini and issues a manifesto against the war.[1]
- October 31 – Treasury Minister Giulio Rubini, contrary to the expected increase in military spending, resigns. The government of Prime Minister Salandra quits, but negotiations about a second Salandra government start.[1]
November
- November 5 – The second Salandra government is inaugurated with Sidney Sonnino as Foreign Minister, who continues to follow the negotiating strategy set by his predecessor Paternò Castello.[1]
- November 15 – Mussolini founds the newspaper irredentism. The paper was subsidized by the French and industrialists on the pretext of influencing Italy to join the Entente Powers and became the foundation for the Fascist movement in Italy after World War I. Mussolini is expelled from the PSI on November 24.[1]
- November 29 – Italy, although officially neutral, occupies the port of Albaniapretending to protect Albanian territories from a Greek invasion.
December
- December 3 – Prime Minister Salandra addresses the Italian Chamber of Deputies reconfirming Italy's neutralist line, but at the same time claiming the "fair aspirations of Italy".[1]
- December 4 – Giolitti speaks in Parliament in favour of neutrality.
Sports
- April 5 – The Italian rider Ugo Agostoni wins the 8th Milan–San Remo bicycle race.
- May 24–25 – The Italian driver Giovanni "Ernesto" Ceirano wins the 1914 Targa Florio endurance automobile race on Sicily.
- May 24 – June 6 – The Italian rider Alfonso Calzolari wins the 6th Giro d'Italia stage bicycle race.
- July 12 – 1913–14 Italian Football Championship.
- October 25 – The Italian rider Lauro Bordin wins the 10th Giro di Lombardia bicycle race.
Births
- January 17 – Anacleto Angelini, Italian-born businessman (d. 2007)
- February 22 – Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012)
- June 14 – Anna Maria Ortese, Italian short story writer and poet (d. 1998)
- June 27 – Giorgio Almirante, Italian politician, the founder and leader of the Italian Social Movement (d. 1988)
- August 1 – Bruno Visentini, Italian politician, senator, minister, lecturer and industrialist (d. 1995)
- August 31 – Alfredo Varelli, Italian actor (d. 1996)
- September 14 – Pietro Germi, Italian actor, screenwriter, and director (d. 1974)
- September 16 – Andrea Rizzoli, Italian entrepreneur, publisher and film producer (d. 1983)
- September 26 – Luigi Gui, Italian politician and philosopher (d. 2010)
- December 16 – Renzo Franzo, Italian politician (d. 2018)
- December 21 – Liana Millu, author, World War II resistance fighter and holocaust survivor (d. 2005)[4]
Deaths
- 15 February – Giuseppe Vigoni, explorer (b. 1846)
- March 19 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)[5]
- 31 March – Christian Morgenstern, German author and poet (born 1871)
- 11 April – Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1835)
- 24 April – Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1841)
- 31 May – Angelo Moriondo, Italian inventor of the espresso machine (b. 1851)
- 31 July – Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1846)
- 22 August – Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1857)
- 10 October – Domenico Ferrata, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1847)
- 16 October – Antonino Paternò Castello, Marquis di San Giuliano, Italian diplomat and Minister of Foreign Affairs (b. 1852)
- 17 October – Giuseppe Puzone, Italian composer (b. 1820)
- 24 November – Aristide Cavallari, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1849)
- 5 December – Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1828)
- 14 December – Giovanni Sgambati, Italian pianist and composer (b. 1841)[6]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h (in Italian) XXIV Legislatura del Regno d'Italia dal 27 novembre 1913 al 29 settembre 1919, Camera dei deputati, Portale storico (retrieved 28 May 2016)
- ^ a b Clark, Modern Italy: 1871 to the present, p. 217-18
- ^ "Esposizione Igiene, Marina e Colonie, 1914" (in Italian). Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ISBN 9783752825718.
- ^ "Prof. G. Mercalli Burned To Death; Famous Director of Vesuvian Observatory Upsets Oil Lamp Upon Himself". The New York Times. March 20, 1914.
- ^ Modern Music and Musicians for Vocalists: Opera and oratorio excerpts. University Society. 1918. p. 653.
- Clark, Martin (2008). Modern Italy: 1871 to the present, Harlow: Pearson Education, ISBN 1-4058-2352-6