1st Ranger Battalion

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1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment
Special operations
SizeBattalion
Part of 75th Ranger Regiment
Garrison/HQHunter Army Airfield, Georgia
EngagementsWorld War II
  • North Africa campaign
  • Italian Campaign

Gulf War
War on terror
Commanders
Notable
commanders		William Orlando Darby
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia
Unit beret flash
NATO Map Symbol
(1998)
NATO Map Symbol
(2017)

The 1st Ranger Battalion, currently based at

75th Ranger Regiment
.

It was originally formed shortly after the United States' entry into

Afghanistan as part of the wider global war on terrorism
.

History

Rangers from 1st Battalion conduct a training raid during Swift Response, a large multinational training exercise held at Hohenfels Training Area, Germany, 26 August 2015.

Formation

British Commandos" in 1942. A subsequent cable from the U.S. Department of War authorized the activation of the 1st U.S. Army Ranger Battalion.[2]

After much deliberation, Company A, 1st Ranger Battalion was constituted on 27 May 1942. Captain William Orlando Darby, 31-year-old graduate of West Point with amphibious training, was chosen as its commanding officer. Within weeks he was promoted to major for his efforts in organizing the unit. Of the 1,500 men to volunteer for the original Ranger Battalion, only 600 were chosen. Eighty percent of these original Rangers came from the Red Bulls U.S. 34th Infantry Division.[3] On 19 June 1942, Company A, 1st Ranger Battalion, was officially activated in Carrickfergus, Northern Ireland.[4][5]

A select team of four officers toured the existing commando training camps and selected the center at Achnacarry, Scotland for the Rangers. Here they underwent intense training. Coached by the battle-seasoned commando instructors (commanded by Lt. Col. Charles Vaughan),[6] the Rangers learned the basics of commando warfare. Five hundred of the 600 volunteers (83.33%) that Darby brought with him to Achnacarry completed the commando training. Many could not endure the exercises; one Ranger was killed, while several others were wounded in realistic training executed under live fire.[7]

World War II

1st Battalion goes active

The first Americans to see active combat in the

European theater of World War II were forty-four enlisted men and five officers from the 1st Ranger Battalion. Dispersed among the Canadians and the British commandos, these men were the first American ground soldiers to see action against the Germans in the disastrous Dieppe Raid, officially known as Operation Jubilee. Three Rangers were killed, including Lieutenant E. V. Loustalot (the first American soldier killed in Europe in World War II), and several captured. During the mission, the British Captain leading the assault was killed. Loustalot took command and, with his men, attacked a clifftop machine gun nest. Scaling the steep cliff, Loustalot was wounded three times before being killed by enemy crossfire.[3]

North Africa

Attempting to prevent German occupation of seaports in North Africa, the 1st Ranger Battalion spearheaded an invasion at the Port of Arzew in Algeria. This was accomplished by executing a surprise night amphibious landing, silencing two gun batteries, and opening the way for the capture of Oran.[2]

In

Presidential Unit Citation (US).[3]

Sicily and Italy

The early success of the 1st Ranger Battalion brought about the creation of the

509th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The battle-seasoned 1st Battalion moved into their newly assigned positions and trained their Ranger colleagues. The 1-3-4 Battalions were trained under Darby in Nemours, Morocco and prepared for the invasion of Sicily and Italy. Following the 1st Ranger Battalion success at the amphibious battle of Gela
, all four of the initial Ranger Battalions were redesignated as Ranger Infantry Battalions on 1 August 1943

Had it not been for the accomplishments of the 1st Ranger Battalion in the early entry of WWII, there would be no Rangers today. Their successful invasions in North Africa opened the sea and its ports for the Allied forces. The Allies were then able to move ships and equipment to support subsequent campaigns, enabling the later forces to successfully infiltrate enemy lines along the African coast, in Sicily, and up into Italy.

The Ranger Force attacked Salerno on 9 September 1943, and participated in the Naples-Foggia Campaign. They then moved on to Anzio on 22 January 1944. The entire 6615th Ranger Force (Provisional) was destroyed behind enemy lines in a heavily outnumbered encounter at Cisterna, Italy on 30 January 1944, and was officially disbanded on 15 August 1944. The 4th Ranger Battalion suffered some casualties while attempting to break through enemy lines to rescue their comrades in the 1st and 3rd Battalions.

Postwar

The 1st Ranger Infantry Battalion, in response to parallel missions in Berlin, was reconstituted on 1 September 1948 as Company A, 1st Infantry Battalion, and activated in the Canal Zone. It served there until it was inactivated on 4 January 1950.[8]

Korea

Main article: 1st Ranger Infantry Company (United States)

The outbreak of

Distinguished Unit Citations.[9]

As a result of budgetary considerations, the US Army spent much of the 1950s and 1960s consolidating and redesignating units that were on inactive status.

This unit was redesignated 24 November 1952 as Company A, 1st Ranger Infantry Battalion, in inactive status and was consolidated on 15 April 1960 with the A Company, 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment,

7th Special Forces Group, and the consolidated unit was designated as Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 7th SFG, 1st SF (organic elements constituted 20 May 1960 and activated 6 June 1960).[8]

Vietnam

Main article: 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger)

On 1 January 1969, under the new U.S. Army Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS), U.S. Army Rangers were re-formed in South Vietnam as the 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger). Fifteen companies of Rangers, two of which (A-75 & B-75) were based in the US, were raised from units that had been performing missions in Europe since the late 1950s and in Vietnam since 1966 as Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol and Long Range Patrol companies.[10]

Post-Vietnam

After the Vietnam War, division and brigade commanders determined that the U.S. Army needed an elite, rapid deployment, light infantry, so in 1974 General Creighton Abrams charged General Kenneth C. Leuer with the task of activating, organizing, training, and leading the first battalion sized Ranger unit since World War II. The 1st Battalion was activated under the 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger) on 31 January 1974. It received its colors and lineage from the Vietnam War Company C, 75th Infantry, which traced back through Company C, 475th back to the 5307th Composite unit, also known as Merrill's Marauders. Because of its success the 2nd Battalion was constituted eight months later. In 1984 the 3rd Battalion and their regimental headquarters were created. On 3 February 1986, the 1st Battalion, 75th Infantry was consolidated with the former Company A, 1st Ranger Battalion (which had been consolidated as the HHC of 7th SFG since 1960) thus gaining the lineage of the World War II era 1st Battalion. As a result, the unit was redesignated the 1st Battalion. Concurrently, the 2nd and 3rd Battalions were also consolidated with other past Ranger battalions and the regiment as a whole was redesignated the 75th Ranger Regiment.[11][8]

The 1st Ranger Battalion has participated in the following operations: Operation Eagle Claw, the 1980 rescue attempt of American hostages in Tehran, Iran; Operation Urgent Fury, the invasion of Grenada in 1983; Operation Just Cause, the U.S. invasion of Panama in 1989; Bravo Company was deployed in the First Persian Gulf War (Operations Desert Storm and Desert Shield) in 1991; all three battalions were to be deployed to Haiti in 1994 (before the operation's cancellation only 5 miles (8.0 km) from the Haitian coast).[12]

War on Terror

A Ranger from 1st Ranger Battalion scans for insurgents during a combat operation in Afghanistan, 17 April 2013

In December 2001, following the events of

QRF for all Task Force 11 operations, but only half of the platoon was available for the Battle of Takur Ghar.[13][11]

In 2003, 1st Battalion participated in combat operations in support of

Iraq War, conducting missions across the entire country of Iraq. 290 Rangers from 1/75th and 2/75th distinguished themselves during the successful rescue of prisoner-of-war, PFC Jessica Lynch.[13][11]

The battalion currently supports the Global War on Terrorism, regularly rotating elements to Afghanistan continuing to successfully dismantle terrorist networks;[11] For actions between 14 and 16 November 2010, Charlie Company received the Valorous Unit Award for extraordinary heroism, combat achievement and conspicuous gallantry while executing combat operations in support of a named operation. The battalion received the Meritorious Unit Citation and Bravo Company, in particular, the Valorous Unit Award, for actions in support of Operation Enduring Freedom between 15 May – 28 August 2011 that included: conducting continuous combat operations, including time sensitive raids and deliberate movement to contact operations while in enemy held terrain out of reach by other friendly forces, in places like Khost, Paktika, and Nangarhar Province.[14]

As of March 2019, the battalion has made 22 deployments during the Global War on Terrorism. During these deployments, the battalion took part in 198 combat operations in which 1,900 terrorists were killed or captured.[15]

Honors

Campaign participation credit

World War II

  • Algeria–French Morocco (with arrowhead)
  • Tunisia
  • Sicily (with arrowhead)
  • Naples–Foggia (with arrowhead)
  • Anzio (with arrowhead)
  • Rome–Arno

Korean War

  • CCF Intervention
  • First UN Counteroffensive
  • CCF Spring Offensive
  • UN Summer–Fall Offensive

Vietnam

  • Counteroffensive, Phase VI
  • Tet 69/Counteroffensive
  • Summer–Fall 1969
  • Winter–Spring 1970
  • Sanctuary Counteroffensive
  • Counteroffensive, Phase VII
  • Consolidation I

Armed Forces Expeditions

  • Grenada (with arrowhead)
  • Panama (with arrowhead)
  • Haiti

Global War on Terror

Decorations

  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for the Battle of El Guettar[8]
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for SALERNO
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Pointe Du Hoc
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for SAAR RIVER AREA
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for MYITKYINA
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for CHIPYONG-NI
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for HONGCHON
  • Valorous Unit Award for VIETNAM – II CORPS AREA
  • Valorous Unit Award for GRENADA
  • Joint Meritorious Unit Award for PANAMA
  • Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry
    with Palm for VIETNAM 1969–1970
  • Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for VIETNAM 1970–1971
  • Republic of Vietnam Civil Action Honor Medal
    , First Class for VIETNAM 1969–1971
  • Presidential Unit Citation (Army) for Afghanistan[16]
  • Valorous Unit Award for Iraq[17]

Notable members

See also

References

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Lineage and Honors — 1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment. United States Army Center of Military History. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020.

  1. ^ Seck, Hope Hodge (28 May 2017). "DoD Identifies Soldier Killed by Vehicle Rollover in Syria". Military.com. Archived from the original on 12 March 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d "1st Ranger Battalion". U.S. Army Ranger Association. Fort Benning, GA. 2013. Archived from the original on 15 November 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  3. ^ a b c d "The 1st Ranger Battalion". rangerfamily.org. 2002. Archived from the original on 24 July 2007. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  4. ^ "U.S. Army Rangers". The Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia.
  5. ^ "History & Heritage". The United States Army Heritage. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022.
  6. ^ Zimmerman, Dwight Jon (29 September 2016). "Col. William O. Darby The Ranger Who Led the Way". Defense Media Network. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  7. ISBN 978-1841766270
    .
  8. ^ a b c d e "Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 1st Battalion 75th Ranger Regiment". Lineage And Honors Information. Army Center of Military History. 27 April 2017. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  9. ^ "Ranger Infantry Companies (Airborne) of the Korean War". U.S. Army Rangers. 2013. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  10. ^ "Vietnam War". U.S. Army Ranger Association. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  11. ^ a b c d "1st Ranger Battalion A Highly Trained and Rapidly Mobile Force". 75th Ranger Regiment, 1st Ranger Battalion. U.S. Army. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2014.
  12. ^ "Modern Rangers". U.S. Army Ranger Association. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
  13. ^
    OCLC 889735079
    .
  14. ^ Bailey, Tracy A. (5 May 2015). "1st Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment honors its heroes". US Army. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022.
  15. Military Times. Archived from the original
    on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
  16. ^ "PERMANENT ORDER 131-26" (PDF). US Army. 10 May 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  17. ^ "General Orders No. 2009–15" (PDF). Headquarters. United States Army. 16 December 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
  18. ^ Cox, Matthew (5 September 2020). "Sgt. Maj. Thomas Payne Will Be 1st Living Delta Force Member to Receive Medal of Honor". Military.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  19. ^ "Sergeant Major Thomas P. Payne". US Army Medal of Honor. 4 September 2020. Archived from the original on 17 December 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  20. ^ Dolasinski, Amanda (27 September 2019). "Soldier to Steeler: NFL Star Shares Insight to Military Service". Military Officers Association of America. Archived from the original on 26 July 2021. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  21. Military Times. Archived from the original
    on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  22. ^ Hjelmgaard, Kim (16 November 2014). "U.S. Confirms Islamic State beheading of American". USA Today. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022.

External links

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