555th Fighter Squadron

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555th Fighter Squadron
European Theater of Operations
Vietnam War

Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm
Commanders
Current
commander		Lt Col John Ryan
Notable
commanders		Joseph Kittinger
David L. Goldfein
Insignia
555th Fighter Squadron emblem[a][3]
555th Tactical Fighter Squadron emblem[b][3]
555th Bombardment Squadron emblem[4]

The 555th Fighter Squadron is part of the 31st Operations Group at Aviano Air Base, Italy. It operates General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon aircraft conducting multirole air and ground missions.

The

V-E Day
and was inactivated.

Mission

The 555th Fighter Squadron provides combat airpower on demand to U.S. and NATO Combatant Commanders as well as the National Command Authority in order to meet National Security objectives.

It also performs air and space control and force application roles of counterair, strategic attack and counterland, including interdiction and close-air support, with 26 F-16CM Vipers employing state of the art munitions in support of the joint, NATO, and combined operations.

History

World War II

The squadron was first activated at

European Theater of Operations in early May 1943.[5][6] The ground echelon sailed on the RMS Queen Elizabeth on 27 May, while the air echelon ferried their Marauders to Europe via both the North Atlantic and South Atlantic ferry routes.[7]

"The Yankee Guerilla" a Martin B-26C of the 555th BS[c]

Upon arrival in England, the squadron was stationed at

Woensdrecht Airfield, until 30 July.[10]

During its first month of combat the squadron concentrated on attacks on enemy

marshalling yards. In an effort to improve accuracy, the squadron participated in the 386th Group's first use of "drop on leader" tactics and revised formations in the European Theater on 2 September.[11] The following month, the squadron flew its last mission with Eighth Air Force on 8 October when it attacked an airfield near Lille.[6][12]

Shortly after its transfer to

lines of communication and enemy positions.[6]

The squadron provided

Falaise gap to prevent surrounded German forces from escaping. September saw the squadron conducting attacks in the area of Brest.[6]

Squadron A-26 Invader at Beaumont-sur-Oise Airfield[d]

In October, the squadron moved to

Beaumont-sur-Oise Airfield, an advanced landing ground in France to be closer to allied forces advancing through northern Europe. From its location on the continent, it attacked Metz, targets in the Netherlands, and depots and defended areas in Germany. During the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945, it concentrated on attacks on bridges.[6]

Shortly after the fighting in the

Westover Field, Massachusetts on 7 November 1945.[5][6]

Vietnam Era & Late Cold War Era

See also: List of United States aerial victories of the Vietnam War
Squadron McDonnell F-4D Phantom II[e][15]
555th TFTS F-15A Eagle[f]

On 8 January 1964, the 555th re-emerged at

12th Tactical Fighter Wing
(12 TFW) reduced the number of aircraft from three squadrons of 25 aircraft each to four squadrons of 18 aircraft.

The conflict in Southeast Asia was escalating and throughout 1965 the wing supported

Cam Ranh Bay Air Base
, South Vietnam (RVN). The air defense mission in Okinawa could not be abandoned and a decision was made to keep the 555th there until a replacement unit could be identified. The remainder of the 12 TFW deployed to Cam Ranh Bay beginning in November 1965.

A

Hamilton Air Force Base, California was picked to replace the 555th at Naha. The F-102 was not able to air refuel, so the F-102s were modified to a U.S. Navy and NATO style probe and drogue refueling configuration and the pilots trained to perform air refueling, a new concept for a fighter-interceptor squadron. The F-102s arrived at Naha in late February 1966. A decision was made to send the 555th to Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base
(Udorn RTAFB) in North Eastern Thailand, near Vientiane, Laos, and not to join the other three 12 TFW squadrons at Cam Ranh Bay. Cam Ranh could hold only four F-4C squadrons. 391 TFS had arrived at Cam Ranh awaiting runway construction at Phan Rang. Until the 391st rejoined 366 TFW, the 12th could not accommodate the 555th (lack of space). The decision to assign 555th at Udorn was validated in April 1966 when the 555th downed five North Vietnamese Air Force MiG fighters. A sixth MiG was downed by an F-4C from DaNang AB, RVN.

Udorn RTAFB was small and when a squadron of USAF

Lockheed F-104A Starfighters
was brought there, it was decided to send two flights, half of the 555th, to Ubon RTAFB. There was not enough billeting for the entire 555th at Ubon and what was available was not adequate for daytime rest. The 8 TFW was the resident unit at Ubon and were flying only night missions (Night Owl) into North Vietnam. During the first two weeks at Ubon, the 555th flew day strikes into North Vietnam. A barracks-type building was hastily constructed to house the entire 555th and the remaining half of the squadron was brought to Ubon in July 1966, at which time the entire squadron began flying Night Owl missions. However, the new building was not air conditioned, so the 555th flew from sunset to about 2300 hours local time. The two squadrons of the 8 TFW flew the missions from 2300 to sunrise. Later in 1966, the 555th was transferred from the 12 TFW to the 8 TFW.

The 8 TFW later became known as the "Wolfpack" and the 555th led the first strike against MiG airfields in North Vietnam. The 555 TFS launched night bombing attacks against North Vietnam on 29 September 1967. While at Ubon, the 555th downed additional Migs, including four Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21s on 2 January 1967. The unit thus became the only "Quad Ace" fighter squadron to that point, with 20 MiGs to its credit.[16] In 1968, the Triple Nickel participated in the campaign against the

Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with palm, and the 1973 Hughes achievement award.[16]

After nine years of combat operations, the 555th returned to the United States. In 1974, the squadron moved to Luke Air Force Base, Arizona, where it transitioned to the McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle and became part of the 405th Tactical Training Wing, training pilots transitioning to the F-15 Eagle.

The squadron was redesignated the 555th Fighter Squadron (555 FS) on 1 November 1991 and inactivated on 25 March 1994.

Reactivation in Italy

Museum of Aviation, Belgrade

On 1 April 1994, the unit was reactivated and reassigned to

435th Airlift Wing and the downsizing of its former installation, Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany. At Aviano, the squadron returned to its previous mission as an operational combat fighter squadron.[citation needed
]

2013 Sequestration

Air Combat Command (ACC) officials announced a stand down and reallocation of flying hours for the rest of the fiscal year 2013 due to mandatory budget cuts. This also impacted USAF tactical flying units in USAFE, PACAF, the Air Force Reserve Command and the Air National Guard. The across-the board spending cuts, called sequestration, took effect 1 March 2013 when Congress failed to agree on a deficit-reduction plan.[17]

Squadrons either stood down on a rotating basis or kept combat ready or at a reduced readiness level called "basic mission capable" for part or all of the remaining months in fiscal year 2013.[17] This affected the 555th Fighter Squadron with a stand-down grounding from 9 April to 30 September 2013.[17]

Operations

Lineage

  • Constituted as the 555th Bombardment Squadron (Medium) on 25 November 1942
Activated on 1 December 1942
Redesignated 555th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 9 October 1944
Redesignated 555th Bombardment Squadron, Light on 23 June 1945
Inactivated on 7 November 1945
  • Redesignated 555th Tactical Fighter Squadron, activated and organized on 8 January 1964
Redesignated 555th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron on 5 July 1974
Redesignated 555th Fighter Squadron on 1 November 1991
Inactivated on 25 March 1994
  • Activated on 1 April 1994[3]

Assignments

  • 386th Bombardment Group, 1 December 1942 – 7 November 1945
  • 12th Tactical Fighter Wing, 8 January 1964 (attached to
    8th Tactical Fighter Wing
    , c. after 22 February 1966)
  • Thirteenth Air Force
    , 4 March 1966 (attached to 8th Tactical Fighter Wing until 24 March 1966)
  • 8th Tactical Fighter Wing, 25 March 1966
  • 432d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing
    , 1 June 1968
  • 58th Tactical Fighter Training Wing
    (later 58 Tactical Training Wing), 5 July 1974
  • 405th Tactical Training Wing
    , 29 August 1979
  • 58th Operations Group, 1 October 1991 – 25 March 1994
  • 31st Operations Group, 1 April 1994 – present[3]

Stations

Aircraft

References

Explanatory notes
  1. ^ Approved 29 August 2007.
  2. ^ Approved 13 March 1975.
  3. Compeigne, France.Baugher, Joe (1 April 2023). "1941 USAF Serial Numbers"
    . Joe Baugher. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Missing Air Crew Report 15252.
  4. ^ Aircraft is Douglas A-26C-2-DL Invader, serial 41-39199.Baugher, Joe (1 April 2023). "1941 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Taken on 2 December 1944.
  5. Davis-Monthan AFB on 6 May 1988 and scrapped on 2 January 1997.Baugher, Joe (9 February 2023). "1965 USAF Serial Numbers"
    . Joe Baugher. Retrieved 25 April 2023.
  6. ^ Aircraft is F-15A-13-MC Eagle, serial 75-0038. The plane was sent to AMARC on 15 January 2008 and scrapped on 14 July 2009.Baugher, Joe (9 April 2023). "1975 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 25 April 2023. Taken 1979.
Citations
  1. ^ a b "F-16 Units - USAFE 555th Fighter Squadron". F-16.net. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  2. ^ McCool, Michael (31 December 2018). The World Famous Highly Respected Triple Nickel.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Dollman, TSG David (16 October 2016). "Factsheet 555 Fighter Squadron (USAFE)". Air Force Historical Research Agency. Retrieved 23 November 2016.
  4. ^ Watkins 2008, pp. 72–73.
  5. ^ a b Maurer 1982, p. 657.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Maurer 1983, pp. 273–274.
  7. ^ Freeman 1970, p. 254.
  8. ^ Freeman 1970, p. 50.
  9. ^ Freeman 1970, p. 58.
  10. ^ Freeman 1970, pp. 58–59.
  11. ^ Freeman 1970, p. 60.
  12. ^ Freeman 1970, p. 62.
  13. ^ Rust 1967, p. 49.
  14. ^ Rust 1967, p. 173.
  15. ^ Martin [page needed]
  16. ^ a b "Factsheets : 555th Fighter Squadron Triple Nickel". 17 December 2013. Archived from the original on 17 December 2013.
  17. ^ a b c Everstine, Brian; Weisgerber, Marcus (8 April 2013). "Reduced flying hours forces grounding of 17 USAF combat air squadrons". Air Force Times. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  18. ^ a b c Station number in Anderson.
  19. ^ a b Station number in Johnson

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

External links

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