ABCA7
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Location (UCSC) | Chr 19: 1.04 – 1.07 Mb | Chr 10: 79.83 – 79.85 Mb | |||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCA7 gene.[5]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of
Lack of ABCA7 gene exhibits phenotypes in mice, such as moderate decrease in plasma HDL and adipose tissues only in female, while release of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid is not impaired.[6] Accordingly, decrease in plasma lectin level was also reported.[7] Reduction of CD3 or CD1d may lead to dysfunction of T cells by deletion of ABCA7.[8][9]
On the other hand, transfected and expressed ABCA7, but not endogenous ABCA7, mediates release of cell phospholipid and cholesterol to generate HDL-like particles but contain less cholesterol than those generated by ABCA1. [10] [7] ABCA7-generated HDL is smaller and appears as a single peak in a molecular sieve HPLC analysis in comparison to HDL generated by ABCA1 that shows twin peaks of small and poor in cholesterol and large and rich in cholesterol. [11] [12] ABCA7 mRNA generates full length cDNA and a spliced form of cDNA, and only the former is capable of generating HDL when transfected.[13]
ABCA7 was shown associated with cellular phagocytotic activity.[14][15] The promoter of ABCA7 contains sterol regulatory element (SRE) so that ABCA7 is down-regulated by cell cholesterol through sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) 2.[14] Therefore, ABCA7 expression and phagocytosis are up-regulated by use of HMG-reductase inhibitors (statins).[16] In addition, ABCA7 is stabilized like ABCA1 by helical apolipoproteins such as apoA-I,[17][18][19] and phagocytosis is accordingly increased in such a condition.[19]
In summary, ABCA7 is a substantially related protein to ABCA1 but it does not mediate cell cholesterol release by generation of HDL unless it is externally transfected and expressed in vitro. ABCA7 is shown associated with cellular phagocytotic function in vivo and in vitro, and expression of the ABCA7 gene is regulated by cell cholesterol mainly through the SRE/SREBP system in a negative feed-back fashion in contrast to positive feedback by the LXR/RXR system for ABCA1.[20] ABCA7 thus links cholesterol metabolism to host defense system.
Clinical significance
In 2011, two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified ABCA7 as a new susceptibility locus for late-onset Alzheimer's disease.[21][22] The finding was also confirmed by other meta-analysis investigations later.[23][24] Such association of ABCA7 variants was reported on more specific findings of the disease such as memory decline and incident mild cognitive impairment [25] or cortical and hippocampal atrophy.[26][27]
Protein-disrupting variants in ABCA7 have been shown to predispose to Alzheimer's disease.[28] The Icelandic database of Decode Genetics has shown a doubled probability of developing Alzheimer's disease when inactive variants of the ABCA7 gene are present.[29]
By using the knock-out mice, ABCA7 was indicated involved in generation and processing of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. In the brain of the amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice, deletion of ABCA7 resulted in accumulation of Aβ40 and Aβ42 in the early stage [30] apparently by accelerating Aβ production.[30][31] More rapid endocytosis of amyloid precursor protein was observed in primary microglia from ABCA7 deficient mice.[30] Roles of ABCA7 are also implicated for microglial phagocytotic function [32] and immune responses.[33][12] Although the direct target of ABCA7 function is unclear, the findings are so far mechanistically consistent with the increased Aβ production.
The data can be summarized as 1) loss of function of ABCA7 is associated with a risk for late onset Alzheimer's disease, 2) one of its molecular backgrounds can be enhanced production/decreased processing of Aβ peptides, and 3) ABCA7 is at least shown to increase phagocytosis including that of microglia. Since ABCA7 gene is down-regulated by cell cholesterol via the SRE/SREBP system,[14] the data accumulated are consistent with clinical implication that use of statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, reduces risk for Alzheimer's disease.[34]
See also
- ATP-binding cassette transporter
Notes
Wikidata Q102319919 . |
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000064687 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035722 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: ABCA7 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 7".
- PMID 15550377.
- ^ PMID 30480241.
- PMID 22403608.
- PMID 28091533.
- S2CID 24263492.
- PMID 22403608.
- ^ PMID 28091533.
- PMID 14592415.
- ^ S2CID 23145752.
- PMID 16908670.
- PMID 21762915.
- S2CID 27052533.
- S2CID 13492156.
- ^ PMID 20495215.
- PMID 10858438.
- PMID 21460840.
- PMID 21460841.
- PMID 23571587.
- PMID 24162737.
- PMID 25189118.
- S2CID 195675085.
- PMID 26993346.
- PMID 25706306.
- S2CID 205349727.
- Lay summary in: Ashley Yeager (2015-03-15). "Iceland lays bare its genomes". ScienceNews.
- ^ PMID 26260791.
- PMID 27030769.
- PMID 27472885.
- PMID 31690660.
- PMID 27942728.
Further reading
- Kaminski WE, Orsó E, Diederich W, Klucken J, Drobnik W, Schmitz G (July 2000). "Identification of a novel human sterol-sensitive ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCA7)". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 273 (2): 532–538. PMID 10873640.
- Niwa M, Maruyama H, Fujimoto T, Dohi K, Maruyama IN (October 2000). "Affinity selection of cDNA libraries by lambda phage surface display". Gene. 256 (1–2): 229–236. PMID 11054552.
- Kaminski WE, Piehler A, Schmitz G (November 2000). "Genomic organization of the human cholesterol-responsive ABC transporter ABCA7: tandem linkage with the minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 278 (3): 782–789. PMID 11095984.
- Tanaka AR, Ikeda Y, Abe-Dohmae S, Arakawa R, Sadanami K, Kidera A, et al. (May 2001). "Human ABCA1 contains a large amino-terminal extracellular domain homologous to an epitope of Sjögren's Syndrome". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 283 (5): 1019–1025. PMID 11355874.
- Broccardo C, Osorio J, Luciani MF, Schriml LM, Prades C, Shulenin S, et al. (2001). "Comparative analysis of the promoter structure and genomic organization of the human and mouse ABCA7 gene encoding a novel ABCA transporter". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 92 (3–4): 264–270. S2CID 29664964.
- Iida A, Saito S, Sekine A, Mishima C, Kitamura Y, Kondo K, et al. (2002). "Catalog of 605 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 13 genes encoding human ATP-binding cassette transporters: ABCA4, ABCA7, ABCA8, ABCD1, ABCD3, ABCD4, ABCE1, ABCF1, ABCG1, ABCG2, ABCG4, ABCG5, and ABCG8". Journal of Human Genetics. 47 (6): 285–310. PMID 12111378.
- Wang N, Lan D, Gerbod-Giannone M, Linsel-Nitschke P, Jehle AW, Chen W, et al. (October 2003). "ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 (ABCA7) binds apolipoprotein A-I and mediates cellular phospholipid but not cholesterol efflux". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (44): 42906–42912. PMID 12917409.
- Kielar D, Kaminski WE, Liebisch G, Piehler A, Wenzel JJ, Möhle C, et al. (September 2003). "Adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABC) transporters are expressed and regulated during terminal keratinocyte differentiation: a potential role for ABCA7 in epidermal lipid reorganization". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 121 (3): 465–474. PMID 12925201.
- Abe-Dohmae S, Ikeda Y, Matsuo M, Hayashi M, Okuhira K, Ueda K, Yokoyama S (January 2004). "Human ABCA7 supports apolipoprotein-mediated release of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid to generate high density lipoprotein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (1): 604–611. PMID 14570867.
- Ikeda Y, Abe-Dohmae S, Munehira Y, Aoki R, Kawamoto S, Furuya A, et al. (November 2003). "Posttranscriptional regulation of human ABCA7 and its function for the apoA-I-dependent lipid release". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 311 (2): 313–318. PMID 14592415.
- Fu GK, Wang JT, Yang J, Au-Young J, Stuve LL (July 2004). "Circular rapid amplification of cDNA ends for high-throughput extension cloning of partial genes". Genomics. 84 (1): 205–210. PMID 15203218.
- Hayashi M, Abe-Dohmae S, Okazaki M, Ueda K, Yokoyama S (August 2005). "Heterogeneity of high density lipoprotein generated by ABCA1 and ABCA7". Journal of Lipid Research. 46 (8): 1703–1711. PMID 15930518.
- Jehle AW, Gardai SJ, Li S, Linsel-Nitschke P, Morimoto K, Janssen WJ, et al. (August 2006). "ATP-binding cassette transporter A7 enhances phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and associated ERK signaling in macrophages". The Journal of Cell Biology. 174 (4): 547–556. PMID 16908670.
External links
- ABCA7+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ABCA7 human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- ABCA7 human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.