Abdul Matin Chaudhury

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Abdul Matin Chowdhury (disambiguation).

Moulvi
Abdul Matin Chaudhury
আব্দুল মতিন চৌধুরী
عبدالمتین چودھری
Chaudhury in 1938
Member of the 1st National Assembly of Pakistan
In office
1947–1948
Preceded byPost established
Member of the Assam Legislative Assembly
In office
1937–1947
Prime MinisterMuhammad Saadulah
ConstituencySylhet Sadar (East)
Deputy President of Indian Legislative Assembly
In office
March 1933 – 1934
Preceded byR. K. Shanmukham Chetty
Succeeded byAkhil Chandra Datta
Member of Central Legislative Assembly
In office
1926–1934
Preceded byAhmad Ali Khan
Succeeded byAbdur Rasheed Choudhury
ConstituencyAssam (Muslim)
Personal details
Born13 February 1895
Bhadeshwar, Golapganj, Sylhet District
Died28 December 1948(1948-12-28) (aged 53)
Karachi, Sind, Pakistan
Resting placeMewa Shah Graveyard, Karachi
Parents
  • Abdul Karim Chaudhary (father)
  • Habibunnesa Khatun (mother)
Alma materAligarh Muslim University
Ripon College
OccupationPolitician and journalist
NicknameKola Mia

Abdul Matin Chaudhury (

Pakistani Bengali trade unionist, journalist, politician, and a member of the Pakistan Constituent Assembly as a representative of East Bengal.[1]

Early life and education

Chaudhury was born on 13 February 1895 to a

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb.[2]
: 14 

He completed his secondary education at the Habiganj Government High School where he gained a first division in 1912. He then proceeded to study at the Murari Chand College in Sylhet where he completed his Intermediate Arts examination in 1914. In 1916, Chaudhury graduated from the

Ripon College, Calcutta in 1919.[2]: 18–20 [3]

Political career

Chaudhury practiced law for a short time in 1920–1 but soon became active in politics by joining the

Indian Congress Party led by Mahatma Gandhi.[2]
: 21–27 

From 1925 to 1937, Chaudhury was an elected member of the

Indian Legislative Assembly for Assam. He soon aligned with Muhammad Ali Jinnah's grouping of independents. In 1930, he argued that there should be legislation to set minimum wages and reduce working hours for railway workers and other tradespeople.[2]: 29–32  In 1930–31, he was a member of the Drugs Enquiry Committee headed by Ram Nath Chopra which examined the need for imports, control and regulation for pharmaceuticals.[4] One of its conclusions was that the quality of quinine, which was used to prevent malaria, was often very poor.[5]

Jinnah and the Simon Commission had recommended that constitutional reforms in India be discussed with the British government and three Round Table Conferences were held. Chaudhury attended the first of these in London (November 1930 – January 1931) as Private Secretary to Sir Muhammad Akbar Hydari, who represented Hyderabad.[2]: 42–43  Jinnah remained in England until 1934 but in this period Chaudhury maintained an extensive correspondence with him and urged him to return to India. Chaudhury realised that he could encourage this by attempting to unify the political factions within the All-India Muslim League. In this, he was successful and in 1933 he became its Vice-President, while Jinnah became President in 1934.[2]: 44–52 

In 1933, Chaudhury was elected Deputy President of the Assembly (a post equivalent to deputy speaker).[6] In 1934, he attended the Melbourne Centenary in Australia as the sole representative of the Indian Branch of the Empire Parliamentary Association.[2]: 37–38 [7] He travelled by train and boat and wrote a diary which has been published.[8]

In 1937, as a member of the Assam Legislative Assembly, he supported a resolution for the abolition of the Line System,[9][10] which he called "a system of racial prerogative, a system of economic exploitation for which you won't find a parallel anywhere in India".[11]

After swearing-in of 2nd coalition Saaduluh ministry, February 1938, Standing (l to r) J J M Nichols-Roy, Muhammad Saadulah, Chaudhury. Seated (l to r) Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri, Munawar Ali, Akshay Kumar Das

Chaudhury served as a Minister for four terms between February 1938 to February 1946 in the Assam provincial government under Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulah as Premier (Prime Minister).[12]

M A Jinnah
and Abdul Malik Chaudhury (Chaudhury's brother), in Shillong, March 1946

He played a leading role in the establishment of the Assam Muslim League in 1937, along with Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani. Between 1936 and 1947, he was a member of the All-India Muslim League working committee. In March 1940 he was one of the twenty sponsors of the Lahore Resolution which proposed the establishment of Pakistan. The sponsors represented Muslims from all the provinces of India.

In June 1947, the Mountbatten Plan included provisions for the fate of the Sylhet district to be decided by a referendum. Chaudhury was the President of the Sylhet Referendum Board of the Muslim League. The referendum was held in July and the region subsequently became part of East Bengal after the majority voted for that outcome.[2]: 135–137  Subsequently, Chaudhury became a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and a Member of the first Pay Commission of Pakistan, which two positions he held till the time of his death.[13] He was also a longtime member of the Aligarh University Court.

Journalism

In 1921, Chaudhury wrote an article in the weekly Sylhet Chronicle in favour of the Khilafat Movement. The British government considered it as seditious and sentenced him to one year's imprisonment, which he served out in the Sylhet jail.

Bombay Chronicle from 1926 to 1927. In 1932 he founded the Bengali weekly news paper Jugabheri, which as of 2024 still has a daily edition.[14] He also published an English weekly news paper titled The Eastern Herald in 1939.[3][2]
: 146 

Trade unionism

In order to recover from the rigours of imprisonment, Chaudhury went to Shillong, then the capital city of Assam. There, he made an attempt to organise the Khansamas (male domestic cooks) of the European households. The Deputy Commissioner expelled him from Shillong with a notice of 24 hours. This has been referred to as the first attempt to form a trade union in Assam.[15][2]: 24–25 

Chaudhury created the Indian Quarter Masters' Union in

Calcutta, known as Succuny Union, in 1922, and became the president of the union in 1926.[2]: 30  He was present at the International Labour Conference in Geneva, in 1929, as Technical Adviser to the Indian Labour Delegation.[16][2]
: 32 

Death

Chaudhury died on 28 December 1948. He was buried in the historic Mewa Shah Graveyard in Karachi.

Notes

  1. ^ This article uses the spelling Chaudhury for consistency.

References

  1. ^ Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Debates: Official Report. Manager of Publications. 1948. p. 44.
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-984-33-2323-1
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 984-07-3527-6
    .
  4. ^ Singh, Harkishan (2008). "Ram Nath Chopra (1882–1973) – A visionary in Pharmaceutical science" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 43 (2): 231–264.
  5. ISBN 9789392099229
    .
  6. ISBN 9788185402345
    .
  7. ^ "Personal". Daily News. Perth, W.A. 24 October 1934. p. 5.
  8. ISBN 9789849529590
    .
  9. JSTOR 44144773
    .
  10. ISBN 9781469137902
    .
  11. ^ Dev, B. J.; Lahiri, D. K. (1985). Assam Muslims: Politics & Cohesion. India: Mittal Publications. pp. 26–31.
  12. ^ Bali, A. N. (1949). Now it can be told. AKASHVANI PRAKASHAN Ltd. p. 84.
  13. ^ Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Debates: Official Report. Manager of Publications. 1948. p. 44.
  14. ^ "All daily local newspapers Sylhet". allnewspaperbangla.com. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  15. ISBN 8189487035
    .
  16. ^ Saeed, Ahmad (1997). Muslim India (1857-1947): A Bibliographical Dictionary. Lahore: Institute of Pakistan Historical Research. p. 26.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Matin_Chaudhury&oldid=1216536521"