Air Force Missile Development Center
Air Force Missile Development Center | |
---|---|
Active | 1 September 1957[2]-1 August 1970[3] |
Country | United States |
Branch | United States Air Force, assigned to:
with predecessors assigned to:
|
Role | Research & Development |
The Air Force Missile Development Center and its predecessors were Cold War units that conducted and supported numerous missile tests using facilities at Holloman Air Force Base, where the center was the host unit ("Holloman" and "Development Center" were sometimes colloquially used to identify military installations in the Tularosa Basin).
Background
Planned for
359th Base Headquarters
The 359th Base Headquarters was the base operating unit for Alamorgordo AAB beginning on 10 June 1942, and the base was redesignated Alamogordo Army Air Field on 21 November 1942 and supported numerous WWII Bomber Groups (range targets were added in late 1942.)
On 25 March 1944, the 231st AAF BU became the base operating unit, and in 1946 the
Alamogordo Guided Missile Test Base
The Alamogordo Guided Missile Test Base near Holloman AFB continued to be used for testing in 1948 and later
- 1947 June 5: A "cluster of rubber-type balloons" for research was launched[who?] near Alamogordo.[2]
- 1947 July 3: A balloon was launched from "Holloman" [sic] by a New York University team.[2]
- 1947 November 14:[
- 1948 May–November: Demonstration rockets for the NATIV launch vehicle program were fired at Holloman (a blockhouse built for the program was also used for JB-2 launches.)[4]
- 1948 July: USAF Project MX–774 commenced with the first Launch Complex 33)[9]
- 1949 June 14: Holloman prepared the 2nd monkey capsule for the Albert Project, a V-2 suborbital mission which flew the first mammal, the rhesus monkey Albert II, into space.[2]
- 1949: Tactical Air Command began testing the B-61 (redesignated TM-61, then MGM-1 Matador) at Holloman—the initial flight crashed and the 2nd launch outran the chase aircraft--there were 25 total Matador launches at Holloman (the JB-2 trailer ramp was adapted for the MGM-1 Matador.)[4]
- 1949: The 1st X–8 Aerobee was launched at Holloman[9] (the last was in 1958).
- 1950: 1st test on the test track was an SM-62 Snark[16]
- 1950 July 15: The 3,550 ft (1,080 m) Snark missile launching facility was completed[7] for N-25 models at the Holloman SLED/Snark launch complex.[17]
- 1950 August 29: 1st of the balloon flights for the Aero Medical Laboratory.[2]
- 1950 December 21: In the 1st Snark flight test "the missile disengaged from its sled below flight separation speed and was destroyed."[9]
- 1951 April 18: From Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico, an Aerobee research rocket carried a monkey into space.[18]
- 1951-2: A 2/3-scale version of the
- 1952: A "covered wagon launcher" was used for Project Moby Dick (Project 119L) balloon launches at Holloman.[2]
- 1952 (mid): The Holloman range of more than 200,000 acres (81,000 ha) was 2nd in area to the Eglin range (the Edwards range was 3rd.)[7]
- 1952:
- 1954 March 19: a new 3,500 ft (1,100 m) rocket-powered sled was first run
- 1955 Spring: Rocket sled Sonic Wind Number 2 was received[2]
- 1956: Ground firings of AIR-2 Genie missiles identified fin instabilities.[20]
- 1956 September 1: The 500th Holloman balloon launch was conducted.[21]
- 1957 February: Test and evaluation of the XSM-73 Goose decoy began with the Holloman rocket sled.[22]
- 1958: Two Wendover AFB.[23]
- 1958 June 8: Detachment 1, TM-76 Macemissiles
Reorganizations changed the Holloman wing's name to the 2754th Experimental Wing (on 20 September 1949
Development centers
The Holloman Air Development Test Center (later Holloman Air Development Center, HADC)
The Air Force Missile Development Center (AFMDC. "AF Mil Dev Test Cen") was designated from HADC on 1 September 1957,
6585th Test Group
The AFMDC and the 6571st lab were inactivated on 1 August 1970;
External videos | |
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Holloman Range Control (minute 4:55) |
References
- ^ "New Missile Book, and Blue Fly" (PDF). December 2011. Archived from the original (Letters to AAFM) on 18 May 2014.
Blue Fly, to exploit Soviet hardware when it comes more or less permanently into US or allied hands, Round Robin, to exploit Soviet hardware when it comes temporarily into US hands (e.g. Russian aircraft landing at international or US airfields) and Moon Dust, to exploit big booster or missile and satellite equipment which fell from the air hence the name applied (e.g. the piece of Soviet equipment which fell into Wisconsin).
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of Research in Space Biology and Biodynamics at the Air Force Missile Development Center" (PDF). Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. 1946–1958. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 May 2014.
Project MX-1450R, Physiology of Rocket Flight ... Standards Laboratory at Holloman ... Scott Crossfield and the Air Force's Major Charles E. Yeager both flew a number of Keplerian trajectories ... in January 1953 [the Aeromedical Field Laboratory] became a function of the local [Holloman Air Development] Center ... the Aeromedical Field Laboratory in 1953 was placed directly under the Center's 6580th Test Group, and was thus on an equal standing with the 6580th Missile Test Squadron and the 6580th Special Test Squadron (which in turn included the Holloman Balloon Unit) ... in 1956 the Aromedical Field Laboratory was made part of a newly created Directorate of Research and Development. ... test installation
- ^ a b Air Force Systems Command Special Order G-94
- ^ ISBN 978-0-557-00029-6
- ^ Stanley G. Zabetakis; John F. Peterson (Fall 1964). "The Diyarbakir Radar" (PDF). CIA.
- ^ a b Michael Welsh (1995). "Dunes and Dreams: A History of White Sands National Monument" (PDF).
As early as January 30, 1946, he wrote to the regional director that "the [Alamogordo Army Air Base] will be manned by a skeleton crew merely as a plane refueling station, emergency landings, etc. ..." The Engineers' property division had "acquired the fee simple title to all private owned lands within the Fort Bliss Anti-Aircraft Range, has the exclusive use of all private lands and interests within the Alamogordo Bombing Range until 1967 ..."
- ^ ISBN 0-912799-53-6. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
- ^ [full citation needed] This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- ^ a b c d e Peter L. Eidenbach. "A Brief History of White Sands Proving Ground 1941–1965" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 October 2014.
- ^ AFHRA Document 00179518, Pictorial Brochure of the Special Weapons Field Test Unit, Wendover Army Air Base, Utah
- ^ "Holloman Air Force Base – Alamogordo, New Mexico".
- ^ Integration of the Holloman-White Sands Ranges, 1947–1952 (2nd Edition, 1957)
- ^ "United States v. Allen". Court-Martial Reports of the Judge Advocate General of the Air Force. LLMC.
- ^ Alamogordo Guided Missile Test Base: Progress Summary Report (Air Force History Index.org abstract) (Report). 1948. iris 01013761. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
Early Warning Radars Razon, Radio Controlled Bombs Tarzon, Radio Controlled Bombs Radar Development
- ^ Bushnell, David (25 August 1986). GAPA: Holloman's First Missile Program (Scribd.com image) (Report). Air Force Missile Development Center: Historical Branch. iris 00169113. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
[1st ramjet GAPA] "was launched 14 November 1947 and the initial liquid-fuel variety 12 March 1948.8 ... The last of the GAPAs, number 114, was launched 15 August 1950, and the project officially terminated at Holloman the following month.11
(date identified at [1]) - ^
Meeter, George F. (1967). The Holloman Story: Eyewitness accounts of Space Age research. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. p. 47. OCLC 1430870. Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ISBN 978-1-56311-455-7.
- ^ "Untitled" (PDF). Archived from the original on 3 March 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Hughes AIM-4 Falcon".
- ^ Van Citters, Karen; Bissen, Kristen (June 2003). National Register of Historic Places: Historic Context and Evaluation for Kirland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
first operational Genie rockets onto F-89J aircraft. Problems cleared during 1956 included rocket fin modifications, rocket engine temperature control and storage matters, final testing of systems components, flight-testing and examining possible weapon vulnerability, and hazards in operational situations. Results of ground firings at Holloman Air Development Center in 1956 revealed a fin instability problem.
- ^ "Highlights – 500th Balloon Launch". HiddenHolloman website. 1 September 2012. Archived from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2014. (cites "Chronology of Events, Air Force Missile Development Center 1941–1958, AFHRA IRIS 0487401")
- ^ "SM-73 Bull Goose". FAS.org. 1997. Retrieved 10 November 2007.
- ^ Lake, Dale (Fall 2008). "Call Sign Updates". TAC Missileers. 10 (3). Archived from the original (newsletter) on 12 December 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
The AN/MSQ/1A Training was done at the small community of Bonn, near Ramstein Air Base.
- ^ "New Mexico Area Will Be Missile Range". The Milwaukee Journal. 28 May 1952.
- ^ "Holloman Air Force Base – Fact Sheet (Printable) : 96TH TEST GROUP HISTORY". Archived from the original on 15 March 2013.
- ^ Weitze, Karen J. (November 1999). Cold War Infrastructure for Strategic Air Command: The Bomber Mission (PDF) (Report). United States Army Corps of Engineers. p. 3. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
German scientific-engineering community of World War II are many and subtle. Those who stayed within the U.S. military civil service system often worked at the GS-15 to GS-17 level—the uppermost grade levels within the system. Those who left were behind the scenes in noteworthy places. … Examples include Dr. Ernst A . Steinhoff, Dr. Martin Schilling, and Dr. Bruno Balke, among many.
(see also:
Weitze, Karen. 1997. "Guided Missiles at Holloman Air Force Base: Test Programs of the United States Air Force in Southern New Mexico, 1947–1970." Alamogordo: Holloman Air Force Base. - ^ a b Bushnell, David (1958). History of Research in Space Biology and Biodynamics at the Air Force Missile Development Center, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico 1946–1958. James Stephen Hanrahan, Chief of Historical Office. Holloman Air Force Base: United States Air Force, Air Force Missile Development Center. Archived from the original on 6 July 2009. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ^
ISBN 978-0-387-36053-9. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
- ^ Gray, Tara (1998). "A Brief History of Animals in Space". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 12 May 2008.
- ^ "Missile Goes Wild, Crashes in Rockies". The Milwaukee Journal. 21 February 1957.
- ^ The Holloman Track (Report). Holloman Air Force Base: Armament Division. 1974. (cited by NRHP nomination) Archived 2014-05-18 at the Wayback Machine