Anti-communism in China
Anti-communism in China (simplified Chinese: 反共主义; traditional Chinese: 反共主義; pinyin: fǎn gòng zhǔyì) has a long history. Before the Chinese Communist Revolution, anti-communist policies were implemented by the right-wing Kuomintang (KMT) and conservative warlord. Today, anti-communism among mainland China and its Overseas Chinese people abroad has more to do with anti-establishment movements and support for liberal democracy.
History
Republic of China (1912–1949)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Communist_purge.jpg/220px-Communist_purge.jpg)
Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the
On 28 February 1947 the Kuomintang had cracked down on an anti-government communist uprising in Taiwan, a former Qing province-turned-Japanese colony ruled from 1895 to 1945, known as the February 28 incident and the government began the White Terror in Taiwan to purge the communist spies to prevent Chinese communist subversion.[3] On July 15, 1947, Document 0744 ordered the Communist Party and its People's Liberation Army to be called "Communist bandits".[4] After the war, the two parties were thrown back into a civil war. The Kuomintang were defeated in the mainland and escaped in exile to Taiwan while the rest of mainland China became Communist in 1949.
People's Republic of China
The
Hong Kong
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Quit_CCP_%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%89.jpg/220px-Quit_CCP_%E6%A8%99%E8%AA%9E%E4%B8%89.jpg)
Before 1997, most of the anti-communists were supporters of the Kuomintang. They opposed the Chinese Communist Party's rule in mainland China and its single party dictatorship.
Hong Kong has had numerous anti-communist protests, supported by political parties of the
The end of the failed
Taiwan (Republic of China, 1949–present)
After the
Even though contacts between Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party had existed since the 1990s to re-establish Cross-Strait relations, the Kuomintang continues to be opposed to communism, as anti-communism is written under Article 2 of Kuomintang's party charter[14]
Taiwanese nationalists
Some
Taiwanese nationalism is differs in detail. Seeing all Taiwanese nationalists as part of 'anti-communism in China' could be controversial. Some moderate Taiwanese nationalists ("
Anti-communist groups
Republic of China or Taiwan
- Democratic Progressive Party (1986–present)
- Kuomintang (1919–present, disputed) – it was reliably anti-communist until 1992 Consensus, but there is still controversy today as to whether it is anti-communist.
- Blue Shirts Society (1932–1938)
- Western Hills Group (1925–1931)
- Taiwan Statebuilding Party (2016–present)
Mainland China
- Democracy Party of China (1998–present, banned)
- Union of Chinese Nationalists (2004–present, banned)
Hong Kong and Macau
- Apple Daily (1995–2021)
- Democratic Alliance (2003–2021)
- Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council (1948–present)
Overseas
- The Epoch Times (2000–present)
- Shen Yun (2006–present)
- Shanghai National Party (2018–present)
See also
References
- ^ Wilbur, Nationalist Revolution 114
- ^ Schoppa, R. Keith. The Revolution and Its Past (New York: Pearson Prentic Hall, 2nd ed. 2006, pp. 208–209 .
- ISBN 9780765614957.
- ISBN 9781135046354.
- ^ Chen Jian, The Tibetan Rebellion of 1959 and China's Changing Relations with India and the Soviet Union, Cold War Studies at Harvard University
- ^ "Over 5000 people have signed the Charter 08 (《零八宪章》签名已超过5000人)". Boxun. 17 December 2008. Retrieved 15 December 2008.
- ^ Spencer, Richard (9 December 2008). "Chinese dissidents emulate anti-Soviet heroes with Charter 08". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 10 December 2008. Retrieved 10 December 2008.
- ^ Why China's leadership should talk to the Charter 08 movement, The Washington Post, 30 January 2009.
- ^ Small green shoots of rebellion among ordinary Chinese, The Irish Times, 31 January 2009.
- ^ Miranda Leitsinger. "Organizers: 150,000 at Tiananmen vigil in Hong Kong". CNN.
- JSTOR 1030986. Archived from the originalon 2020-04-20. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
- ^ "Red China: The Third Solution". Time. Times Magazine. 18 April 1955. Retrieved 2021-05-09.
- ^ Cheung, Han (17 November 2019). "Taiwan in Time: Spies, guerillas and the final counterattack". www.taipeitimes.com. Taipei Times. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ "Party Charter". kuomintang. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
... The Party unites as party members all who believe in the Three Principles of the People, both at home and overseas. It abides by the teachings of late National President, the late Director-General, and the late Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo in its wish to bring about ethnic integration, unite the people, revive Chinese culture, practice democratic constitutional government, oppose communism, oppose separatism, and champion the interests of the Chinese nation ...