April 1555 papal conclave
This article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject.(April 2016) |
Papal conclave April 1555 | |
---|---|
Dates and location | |
5–9 April 1555 Robert de Lenoncourt | |
Protodeacon | Francesco Pisani |
Election | |
Ballots | 1 |
Elected pope | |
Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi Name taken: Marcellus II | |
The April 1555 papal conclave (April 5–9) was convoked after the death of
List of participants
Pope Julius III died on March 23, 1555. Thirty-seven out of fifty-seven cardinals participated in the election of his successor:[1]
- Archbishop of Naples
- Bishop of Le Mans
- Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela; Cardinal-protector of the Orders of Dominicans and Barnabites
- Quimper
- Bishop of Gubbio; Librarian of the Holy Roman Church
- Miguel da Silva (December 19, 1539) – Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Trastevere; Administrator of Massa Marittima
- Cristoforo Madruzzo (June 2, 1542) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Cesareo in Palatio; Bishop of Trento and Brixen
- Bartolomé de la Cueva(December 19, 1544) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Bartolomeo all’Isola
- Bishop of Rodez
- Federico Cesi (December 19, 1544) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Prisca; Administrator of Cremona; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals
- Tiberio Crispi (December 19, 1544) – Cardinal-Priest of S. S. Agata alla Suburra; Administrator of Amalfi
- Girolamo Verallo (April 8, 1549) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Marcello
- Giovanni Angelo Medici (April 8, 1549) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano in Monte Celio; Bishop of Cassano al Ionio; Governor of Campagna e Marittima; Prefect of the Tribunal of the Apostolic Signature of Grace
- Fulvio della Corgna, O.S.Io.Hieros. (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Via; Administrator of Spoleto; Legate in Ascoli Piceno and Rieti
- Giovanni Ricci (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Vitale, Gervasio e Protasio
- Giovanni Andrea Mercurio (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Ciriaco alla Terme; Archbishop of Messina
- Archbishop of Bari
- Bishop of Fano
- Fabio Mignanelli (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Silvestro in Capite; Prefect of the Papal States
- Bishop of Tropea
- Giovanni Battista Cicala (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Clemente; Legate in Campagna; Administrator of Mariana
- Girolamo Dandini (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Matteo in Merulana; Cardinal Secretary of State
- Bishop of Marseilles
- Giovanni Michele Saraceni (November 20, 1551) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria in Aracoeli; Archbishop of Acerenza e Matera
- Bishop of Padua; Administrator of Narbonne
- Canons Regular; Regent of the Duchy of Mantua
- Tivoli; Cardinal-protector of France
- Giacomo Savelli (December 19, 1539) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano; Legate in March of Ancona
- Girolamo Capodiferro (December 19, 1544) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro; Bishop of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
- Lateran Basilica; Legate in Viterbo
- Innocenzo del Monte(May 30, 1550) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Onofrio
- Archbishop of Zadar
- Roberto de Nobili (December 22, 1553) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Domnica
- Bishop of Orvieto
Fifteen electors were created by Julius III, twenty by
Absentee cardinals
Twenty cardinals were absent:[1]
- Louis de Bourbon de Vendôme (July 1, 1517) – Cardinal-Bishop of Palestrina; Administrator of Sens
- Archbishop of Lyon; Superior General of the Order of Canons Regular of Saint Augustine
- Robert de Lenoncourt (December 20, 1538) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Apollinare; Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Administrator of Metz
- Claude de Longuy de Givry (November 7, 1533) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Agnese in Agone; Administrator of Langres
- Antoine Sanguin de Meudon (December 19, 1539) – Cardinal-Priest of S. Crisogono; Administrator of Toulouse
- Bishop of Novara; Papal Legate in Germany; Cardinal-protector of Austria and Ireland; Cardinal-protector of Order of Cistercians
- Archbishop of Burgos
- Bishop of Lisieux
- Bishop of Augsburg
- Bishop of Brescia
- Bishop of Sigüenza; Viceroy of the Kingdom of Naples
- Archbishop of Évora; Legate a latere in Portugal; Inquisitor General of the Portuguese Inquisition
- Archbishop of Reims
- Archbishop of Palermo
- Girolamo Doria (January, 1529) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Tommaso in Parione; Administrator of Tarragona
- Odet de Coligny de Châtillon (November 7, 1533) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Adriano; Administrator of Beauvais
- Servites
- Reginald Pole (December 22, 1536) – Cardinal-Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin; Papal Legate in England
- Archbishop of Rouen
- Louis I de Guise (December 22, 1553) – Cardinal-Deacon of [no deaconry assigned]; Administrator of Albi
Thirteen were created by Paul III, four by Clement VII, two by Julius III and one by Leo X.
Divisions in the Sacred College
College of Cardinals was divided into three parties:[2]
- French party – the adherents of the king Charles de Lorraine-Guise.[contradictory]
- Habsburg party – cardinals aligned with Emperor Charles V. Their leader was Cardinal Juan Álvarez de Toledo.
- Italian party – group of Italian cardinals headed by Alessandro Farnese,[contradictory] Cardinal-nephew of Paul III, with no direct connections with main Catholic powers: Habsburg Empire or France.[dubious ]
The election of Pope Marcellus II
The Cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave on April 5. Initially, they prepared and subscribed the
On April 10 in the morning a formal scrutiny took place to confirm the election. Cervini received all votes except of his own, which he gave to Gian Pietro Carafa.
See also
- List of Popes
Notes and References
- ^ a b This is according to an account of this conclave in German on Vatican History Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, to the account of J. P. Adams in English at Sede Vacante 1555, and to Onuphrio Panvinio, p. 424-425. Salvador Miranda: list of participants of the conclave of April 1555 indicates that all cardinals participated in this conclave except Pietro Tagliavia de Aragonia and Louis I de Guise. The list of the electors and absentees is presented according to Panvinio, p. 424-425.
- ^ Valérie Pirie: The Triple Crown: the election of Paul IV Although that link concerns the next conclave held in May 1555, the information about parties existed in the Sacred College are correct also for the conclave of April 1555.
- ^ a b c Vatican History Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Cardinal Marcello Cervini (Pope Marcellus II by S. Miranda
- ISBN 3-88309-043-3.
- ^ The Triple Crown
- ^ The Catholic Encyclopedia: Pope Marcellus II
Sources
- O. Panvinio, J. Strada, Epitome pontificum Romanorum a s. Petro usque ad Paulum IIII, gestorum videlicet electionisque singulorum & conclavium compendiaria narratio. Cardinalium item nomina... Onuphrio Panvinio,... authore... Ex musaeo Jacobi Stradae,... (J. de Strada edidit), Impensis Jacobi Stradae Mantuani, 1557.
- Leti, Gregorio (1667). Conclavi de' pontefici romani, quali si sono potuti trovare fin à questo giorno [éd. Grogorio Leti] (in Italian). Vol. I. no place given: no publisher given. pp. 135–144.
- Petruccelli della Gattina, Ferdinando (1864). Histoire diplomatique des conclaves (in French). Vol. II. Paris: A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven et cie.
- Herre, Paul (1907). Papsttum und Papstwahl im Zeitalter Philipps II (in German). Leipzig: Teubner.
- Vatican History
- Valérie Pirie, The Triple Crown: An Account of the Papal Conclaves. Pope Marcellus II (Cervini)
- List of participants of papal conclave of April 1555 (by Salvador Miranda)
- S. Miranda: Cardinal Marcello Cervini (Pope Marcellus II)
- Bautz Biografisch-Bibliografiches Kirchenlexikon: Marcellus II
- Pope Marcellus II The Catholic Encyclopedia