Aquilegia sibirica

The Siberian columbine was first described with the binomial Aquilegia sibirica in 1783 within Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's botanical volume for Encyclopédie Méthodique.^[4] The plant had been previously described as Aquilegia vulgaris var. sibirica in 1767 within the 12th edition of Systema Naturae.^[5]

By 1892, the Siberian columbine was identified as a close relative of the northern North American Aquilegia brevistyla, the smallflower columbine.^[6] The plant's appearance is very proximate to that of Aquilegia flabellata native to the Japanese Alps.^{[7][8][note 1]} A hybrid between A. sibirica and Aquilegia glandulosa, Aquilegia × gubanovii, was identified in Mongolia in 1991.^[11] A. sibirica and Aquilegia ecalcarata diverged as separate species between 4.5 and 6 million years ago and remain cross-compatible.^[12] Crosses between A. sibirica and A. ecalcarata–the only Aquilegia species that lacks nectar spurs on its petals–have been studied to identify the gene responsible for spurred petals.^{[13][note 2]}

Description

In common with other

The plant has

nearly glabrous bi- and triternate leaves with leaflets that run between one and two inches across.^[3] Stems are leafless, with many terminating in flowers.^[16] Siberian columbine flowers are lilac-blue to white. The plant may be between one and two feet in height.^[3] In northern latitudes, the flower blooms between May and June.^[17]

Petals on A. sibirica develop a curvature relatively early and at a shorter length–between 1 centimetre (0.39 in) and 2 centimetres (0.79 in)–than other Aquilegia species. The petals fold longitudinally. As nectar spurs of different Aquilegia species develop, they demonstrate greater variance. In the case of A. sibirica's nectar spurs, they possess greater curvature than those of A. formosa and A. chrysantha.^[15]

Phytochemistry

The plant has been considered a

antifungal qualities.^[18]

Distribution

Aquilegia sibirica is native to the north-central Asian regions of

geologic epoch).^[20]

In open portions of the

herb layer of the peatlands along Lake Baikal's eastern coast.^[22]

The flower was introduced to the United States by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1933.^[3] Finnish research has suggested that Aquilegia sibirica is among the Siberian and Far Eastern plants that could prove valuable for northern landscaping.^[23]

Notes

1. homotypic synonyms Aquilegia sibirica var. flatbellata and Aquilegia sibirica var. japonica.^[8][9][10]
2. ^ As distinct from Semiaquilegia, a genus in the Ranunculaceae family that resemble Aquilegia but are spurless.^[14]
3. hawk moths for A. chrysantha.^[15]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Aquilegia sibirica Lam". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
2. ISBN 978-0-12-384720-1
   . Retrieved 22 September 2023.
3. ^ ^{a b c d} Inventory No. 115: Plant Material Introduced by the Division of Plant Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, April 1 to June 30, 1933 (No. 102378–103406). Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture. July 1935. p. 44. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
4. ^ "Aquilegia sibirica". International Plant Names Index. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
5. ^ "Aquilegia vulgaris var. sibirica". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
6. Asiatic Society of Bengal
   : 319.
7. ^ ^{a b} "Columbines". University of Saskatchewan. 2 May 2021. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
8. ^
   Cambridge Botany School
   . p. 15.
9. ^ "Aquilegia sibirica var. flabellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Finet & Gagnep". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
10. ^ "Aquilegia flabellata". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
11. ^ "Aquilegia × gubanovii Kamelin". International Plant Names Index. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
12. JSTOR 42801588
    .
13. ^
    PMID 32848061
    .
14. ISBN 978-0-521-41421-0
    .
15. ^ ^{a b c} Ballerini, E. S.; Kramer, E. M.; Hodges, S. A. (22 August 2019). "Comparative transcriptomics of early petal development across four diverse species of Aquilegia reveal few genes consistently associated with nectar spur development". BMC Genomics. 20 (1).
16. ^ "Aquilegia sibirica". Alpine Garden Society Plant Encyclopedia. Alpine Garden Society. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
17. ^ "Hardy Exotic Plants Suitable for the Gardens of Missouri and Adjoining States". Missouri Botanical Garden Bulletin. IX (7). Missouri Botanical Garden: 91. September 1921.
18. S2CID 167220925. Archived
    from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.
19. PMID 23379348
    .
20. JSTOR 2399690. Archived
    from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
21. ^ Printz, Henrik (1921). The Vegetation of the Siberian-Mongolian Frontiers (The Sayansk Region). Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters. p. 50.
22. doi:10.1080/11263504.2020.1810814
    .
23. ^ "Hardy plants for landscaping and restoration in northern Finland". Environment, Local Society and Sustainable Tourism (PDF). Artic Centre Reports. Vol. 50. University of Lapland. 2007. p. 63. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.