Aram, son of Shem
Aram (
In the
Name
The name Aram (אֲרָם, Aram) means etymologically "height, high region", according to Wilhelm Gesenius[4] and "the highland" according to Strong's Concordance, in which it is referred to as Hebrew word #758.[5]
Masoretic Text
The
The land of
Book of Division (Jubilees)
According to the Book of Jubilees (9:5,6), the portion of the earth to be inherited by the descendants of Aram included all of the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers "to the north of the Chaldees to the border of the mountains of Asshur and the land of 'Arara."[14]
"The mountains of Asshur in the north, and all the land of Elam, Asshur, and Babel, and Susan and Ma'edai" (
Antiquity of historical references to people of Aram
The
Other early references to a place or people of "Aram" have appeared in the
Tiglath-Pileser I (c. 1100 BC), in impressions of his later annals, referred to the Arameans: "I have crossed the Euphrates 28 times, twice in one year, in pursuit of the Aramaean Aḫlamū" (kurAḫ-la-me-e kurAr-ma-a-iameš).[18][19]
There may also have been a city named Arman east of the Tigris river.[20]
The Semitic storm-god, Hadad, was patron deity of both Aram and Ugarit. The King of Aram (Syria) was called Ben-Hadad (English: son of Hadad; Aramaic: Bar-Hadad).[21][22][23]
In Islam
Islamic prophet Hud, a Prophet of ancient Arabia, is believed by Muslim scholars to have been a descendant of Aram. Hud is said to have preached in ʿĀd, in Arabia, according to the Quran. The town's eponymous ancestor, Ad, is considered to have been the son of Uz, one of Aram's sons.[24][25][26][27]
The chapter of the Quran named Hud, Chapter 11, mentions the people of ʿĀd, and in verse 44, the ship of Noah is described as coming to rest on Mount Judi after "waves like mountains brought punishment upon wrongdoing people."[28][29][30][31]
The Islamic prophet Saleh is also told to be a descendant of Aram.
References
- ^ New International Version, Genesis 10:22-23
- ^ Biblehub.com, 1 Chronicles 1:17
- ^ "Harvard Mirador Viewer".
- ^ Gesenius, Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures, translated by Samuel Prideaux Tregelles, ad loc. [1]
- ^ Hebrew word #758, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance by James Strong, S.T.D., LL.D., 1890.
- ^ A Hebrew - English Bible According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition, Genesis 28, verse 5
- ^ Biblos.com, Genesis 25:20
- ^ BibleGateway.com, Genesis 28:5; 29:4-5; 31:20,24
- ^ A Hebrew - English Bible According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition, Deuteronomy 26, verse 5
- ^ Biblos.com, Deuteronomy 26:5
- ^ A Hebrew - English Bible According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition, 2Chronicles 22, verse 5
- ^ BibleGateway.com, Genesis 11:31-32; 12:4-5; 27:43; 28:10; 29:4; 2Kings 19:12; Isaiah 37:12; Ezekiel 27:23
- ^ BibleGateway.com, Genesis 24:10; Deuteronomy 23:4; Judges 3:8; 1Chronicles 19:6; Psalms 60:1
- ^ a b The Book of Jubilees Archived April 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine 9:5-6, Wesley Center Online, cited as from: "The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament" R.H. Charles Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, Scanned and Edited by Joshua Williams Northwest Nazarene College
- ^ The Book of Jubilees Archived April 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine 8:21, Wesley Center Online, cited as from: "The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament" R.H. Charles Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913, Scanned and Edited by Joshua Williams Northwest Nazarene College
- ^ Horowitz, Wayne, 1998, Mesopotamian Cosmic Geography, The Sargon Geography, The Text: Commentary, p. 82.
- ^ Year-Names for Naram-Sin
- ^ Lipiński, Edward, 2000, The Aramaeans, Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion, p. 25-27.
- ^ Lipiński, Edward, 2000, The Aramaeans, Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion, p. 35-36.
- ^ Brinkman, John Anthony, 1968, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C., p. 195, last footnote
- ^ Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide, Sarah Iles Johnston, General Editor, p. 418.
- ^ Biblos.com, 1Kings 20:1
- ^ Hebrew word #1130, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance by James Strong, S.T.D., LL.D., 1890.
- ^ Qu'ran 7, verse 65
- ^ Qu'ran 11, verse 50
- ^ Nadwi, Syed Muzaffaruddin, 2009 (first published 1936), A Geographical History of the Qur'an, pp. 64-65
- ^ Qu'ran 89, verses 6-7
- ^ The Quran, Hud verses 3,42,44
- ^ Quran Surah Hud ( Verse 3 )
- ^ Quran Surah Hud ( Verse 42 )
- ^ Quran Surah Hud ( Verse 44 )