 Polar projection map of the Arctic Archipelago | |
 | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Northern Canada |
| Coordinates | 75°N 90°W / 75°N 90°W |
| Total islands | 36,563 |
| Major islands | Baffin Island, Victoria Island, Ellesmere Island |
| Area | 1,407,770[1] km2 (543,540 sq mi) |
| Administration | |
Canada | |
| Nunavut Northwest Territories Yukon Newfoundland and Labrador | |
Largest settlement | Iqaluit, Nunavut (pop. 7,429[2]) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 23,073 (2021[2][3]) |
| Pop. density | 0.0098/km2 (0.0254/sq mi) |
The Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is an archipelago lying to the north of the Canadian continental mainland, excluding Greenland (an autonomous territory of the Danish Realm, which is, by itself, much larger than the combined area of the archipelago), and Iceland (an independent country).
Situated in the northern extremity of North America and covering about 1,424,500 km2 (550,000 sq mi), this group of 36,563 islands, surrounded by the Arctic Ocean, comprises much of Northern Canada, predominantly Nunavut and the Northwest Territories.[4] The archipelago is showing some effects of climate change,[5][6] with some computer estimates determining that melting there will contribute 3.5 cm (1.4 in) to the rise in sea levels by 2100.[7]
History
Around 2500 BCE, the Paleo-Eskimos arrived to the archipelago from the Canadian mainland, the first humans to do so. Between 1000 and 1500 CE, they were replaced by the Thule people, who are the ancestors of today's Inuit.
British claims on the islands, the British Arctic Territories, were based on the explorations in the 1570s by Martin Frobisher. Canadian sovereignty was originally (1870–80) only over island portions that drained into Foxe Basin, Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait. Canadian sovereignty over the islands was established by 1880 when Britain transferred them to Canada.[8] The District of Franklin—established in 1895—comprised almost all of the archipelago. The district was dissolved upon the creation of Nunavut in 1999. Canada claims all the waterways of the Northwest Passage as Canadian Internal Waters; however, most maritime countries view these as international waters.[9] Disagreement over the passages' status has raised Canadian concerns about environmental enforcement, national security, and general sovereignty. East of Ellesmere Island, in the Nares Strait, lies Hans Island, ownership of which is now shared between Canada and Denmark, after a decades-long dispute.[10][11][12]
Geography
The archipelago extends some 2,400 km (1,500 mi) longitudinally and 1,900 km (1,200 mi) from the mainland to Cape Columbia, the northernmost point on Ellesmere Island. It is bounded on the west by the Beaufort Sea; on the northwest by the Arctic Ocean; on the east by Greenland, Baffin Bay and Davis Strait; and on the south by Hudson Bay and the Canadian mainland. The various islands are separated from each other and the continental mainland by a series of waterways collectively known as the Northwest Passage. Two large peninsulas, Boothia and Melville, extend northward from the mainland. The northernmost cluster of islands, including Ellesmere Island, is known as the Queen Elizabeth Islands and was formerly the Parry Islands.
The archipelago consists of 36,563 islands, of which 94 are classified as major islands, being larger than 130 km2 (50 sq mi), and cover a total area of 1,400,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi).[13]
As of 2026, there are 20 islands in the Canadian Arctic over 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi). They are listed in order of descending area below. There are a further 19 islands greater than 1,000 km (620 mi) but under 5,000 km2 (1,900 sq mi) in Arctic Canada.[A][15] As of 2021 the total population of all islands in the Arctic was 23,073.[2][3]
After Greenland, the archipelago is the world's largest high-Arctic land area. The climate of the islands is Arctic, and the terrain consists of tundra except in mountainous regions. Most of the islands are uninhabited; human settlement is extremely thin and scattered, being mainly coastal Inuit settlements on the southern islands.
Map with links to islands
- King Christianmap 1
- Bordenmap 2
- Lougheedmap 3
- Brockmap 4
- Mackenzie Kingmap 5
- Helenamap 6
- Cameronmap 7
- Emeraldmap 8
- Prince Patrickmap 9
- Île Vaniermap 10
- Eglintonmap 11
- Alexandermap 12
- Bathurstmap 13
- Melvillemap 14
- Byam Martinmap 15
- Banksmap 16
- Stefanssonmap 17
- Russellmap 18
- Prince of Walesmap 19
- Prescottmap 20
- Somersetmap 21
- Victoriamap 22
- King Williammap 23
- Mattymap 24
- Walesmap 25
- Belchermap 26
- Longmap 27
- Akimiskimap 28
- Charltonmap 29
- Ellesmeremap 30
- Meighenmap 31
- Axel Heibergmap 32
- Ellef Ringnesmap 33
- Amund Ringnesmap 34
- Cornwallmap 35
- Grahammap 36
- North Kentmap 37
- Baillie-Hamiltonmap 38
- Little Cornwallismap 39
- Cornwallismap 40 [C]
- Devonmap 41
- Bylotmap 42
- Baffinmap 43
- Kapuiviitmap 44 [D]
- Kochmap 45
- Braymap 46
- Rowleymap 47
- Foleymap 48
- Air Forcemap 49
- Prince Charlesmap 50
- Nagjuttuuqmap 51 [E]
- Qikiqtaaluk (Foxe Basin)map 52 [F]
- Southamptonmap 53
- Resolutionmap 54
- Loksmap 55
- Akpatokmap 56
- Qikiqtarjuaq (Hudson Strait)map 57 [G]
- Salisburymap 58
- Nottinghammap 59
- Manselmap 60
- Coatsmap 61
- Islands not on map
- Beecheymap 62
- Broughtonmap 63 [H]
- Cape Chidleymap 64
- Dorsetmap 65 [I]
- Duke of Yorkmap 66
- East Penmap 67
- Flahertymap 68 [J]
- Haig-Thomasmap 69
- Hansmap 70
- Herschelmap 71
- Igloolikmap 72 [K]
- Killiniqmap 73
- Ottawamap 74
- Prince Leopoldmap 75
- Qikiqtaryuaqmap 76 [L]
- Skraelingmap 77
- Trodelymap 78
- Umingmalikmap 79 [M]
- Westonmap 80
Communities
| Community | Island | Region, territory | Population[2][3] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arctic Bay | Baffin Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 944 |
| Clyde River | Baffin Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 1,181 |
| Iqaluit | Baffin Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 7,429 |
| Kimmirut | Baffin Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 426 |
| Pangnirtung | Baffin Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 1,504 |
| Pond Inlet | Baffin Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 1,555 |
| Sachs Harbour | Banks Island | Inuvik, NT | 104 |
| Qikiqtarjuaq | Broughton Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 593 |
| Resolute | Cornwallis Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 183 |
| Kinngait | Dorset Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 1,396 |
| Grise Fiord | Ellesmere Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 144 |
| Sanikiluaq | Flaherty Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 1,010 |
| Igloolik | Igloolik Island | Qikiqtaaluk, NU | 2,049 |
| Gjoa Haven | King William Island | Kitikmeot, NU | 1,349 |
| Coral Harbour | Southampton Island | Kivalliq, NU | 1,038 |
| Cambridge Bay | Victoria Island | Kitikmeot, NU | 1,760 |
| Ulukhaktok | Victoria Island | Inuvik, NT | 408 |
| Total | 23,073 |
Populated islands
Of the more than 36,000 islands, only 11 are populated. Baffin Island, the largest, also has the largest population of 13,309.[2] The population accounts for 67.37 per cent of the 19,355 people in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, 56.51 per cent of the population of the Arctic Archipelago, and 35.38 per cent of the population of Nunavut.[2][3]
| Island | Population[2][3] | Area[15][59][60] (km2) |
Area (sq mi) |
Density (km2) |
Density (sq mi) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baffin Island | 13,039 | 507,451 | 315,315 | 0.026 | 0.067 |
| Banks Island | 104 | 70,028 | 43,513 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Broughton Island | 593 | 127.6 | 79.3 | 4.647 | 12.037 |
| Cornwallis Island | 183 | 6,995 | 4,346 | 0.026 | 0.068 |
| Dorset Island | 1,396 | 21 | 8 | 174.500 | 67.375 |
| Ellesmere Island | 144 | 196,236 | 121,935 | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Flaherty Island | 1,010 | 1,585 | 985 | 0.637 | 1.650 |
| Igloolik Island | 2,049 | 114.5 | 71.1 | 17.895 | 46.348 |
| King William Island | 1,349 | 13,111 | 8,147 | 0.103 | 0.266 |
| Southampton Island | 1,038 | 41,214 | 25,609 | 0.103 | 0.266 |
| Victoria Island | 2,168 | 217,291 | 135,018 | 0.010 | 0.026 |
Mapping
- ^map 1King Christian, 77°45′N 102°00′W / 77.750°N 102.000°W
- ^map 2Borden, 78°33′N 111°10′W / 78.550°N 111.167°W
- ^map 3Lougheed, 77°24′N 105°15′W / 77.400°N 105.250°W
- ^map 4Brock, 77°51′N 114°27′W / 77.850°N 114.450°W
- ^map 5Mackenzie King 77°43′N 111°57′W / 77.717°N 111.950°W
- ^map 6Helena, 76°40′N 101°00′W / 76.667°N 101.000°W
- ^map 7Cameron, 77°48′N 101°51′W / 77.800°N 101.850°W
- ^map 8Emerald Isle, 76°48′N 114°07′W / 76.800°N 114.117°W
- ^map 9Prince Patrick, 76°45′N 119°30′W / 76.750°N 119.500°W
- ^map 10Île Vanier, 76°10′N 103°15′W / 76.167°N 103.250°W
- ^map 11Eglinton, 75°46′N 118°27′W / 75.767°N 118.450°W
- ^map 12Alexander, 75°52′N 102°37′W / 75.867°N 102.617°W
- ^map 13Bathurst, 75°46′N 099°47′W / 75.767°N 99.783°W
- ^map 14Melville, 75°30′N 111°30′W / 75.500°N 111.500°W
- ^map 15Byam Martin, 75°12′N 104°17′W / 75.200°N 104.283°W
- ^map 16Banks, 73°00′N 121°30′W / 73.000°N 121.500°W
- ^map 17Stefansson, 73°30′N 105°30′W / 73.500°N 105.500°W
- ^map 18Russell, 74°00′N 098°25′W / 74.000°N 98.417°W
- ^map 19Prince of Wales, 72°36′N 098°32′W / 72.600°N 98.533°W
- ^map 20Prescott, 73°03′N 096°49′W / 73.050°N 96.817°W
- ^map 21Somerset, 73°15′N 093°30′W / 73.250°N 93.500°W
- ^map 22Victoria, 71°00′N 110°00′W / 71.000°N 110.000°W
- ^map 23King William, 68°58′N 097°14′W / 68.967°N 97.233°W
- ^map 24Matty, 69°28′N 095°40′W / 69.467°N 95.667°W
- ^map 25Wales, 68°01′N 086°40′W / 68.017°N 86.667°W
- ^map 26Belcher, 56°20′N 079°30′W / 56.333°N 79.500°W
- ^map 27Long, 54°52′N 079°25′W / 54.867°N 79.417°W
- ^map 28Akimiski, 53°00′N 081°20′W / 53.000°N 81.333°W
- ^map 29Charlton, 52°00′N 079°26′W / 52.000°N 79.433°W
- ^map 30Ellesmere, 79°49′N 078°00′W / 79.817°N 78.000°W
- ^map 31Meighen, 79°59′N 099°30′W / 79.983°N 99.500°W
- ^map 32Axel Heiberg, 79°26′N 090°46′W / 79.433°N 90.767°W
- ^map 33Ellef Ringnes, 78°37′N 101°56′W / 78.617°N 101.933°W
- ^map 34Amund Ringnes, 78°19′N 096°25′W / 78.317°N 96.417°W
- ^map 35Cornwall, 77°37′N 094°52′W / 77.617°N 94.867°W
- ^map 36Graham, 77°26′N 090°30′W / 77.433°N 90.500°W
- ^map 37North Kent, 76°40′N 090°15′W / 76.667°N 90.250°W
- ^map 38Baillie-Hamilton, 75°53′N 094°35′W / 75.883°N 94.583°W
- ^map 39Little Cornwallis, 75°30′N 096°30′W / 75.500°N 96.500°W
- ^map 40Cornwallis, 75°05′N 095°00′W / 75.083°N 95.000°W
- ^map 41Devon, 75°15′N 088°00′W / 75.250°N 88.000°W
- ^map 42Bylot, 73°13′N 078°34′W / 73.217°N 78.567°W
- ^map 43Baffin, 69°00′N 072°00′W / 69.000°N 72.000°W
- ^map 44Jens Munk, 69°40′N 079°40′W / 69.667°N 79.667°W
- ^map 45Koch, 69°35′N 078°20′W / 69.583°N 78.333°W
- ^map 46Bray, 69°20′N 077°00′W / 69.333°N 77.000°W
- ^map 47Rowley, 69°05′N 078°52′W / 69.083°N 78.867°W
- ^map 48Foley, 68°30′N 075°00′W / 68.500°N 75.000°W
- ^map 49Air Force, 67°58′N 074°05′W / 67.967°N 74.083°W
- ^map 50Prince Charles, 67°45′N 076°00′W / 67.750°N 76.000°W
- ^map 51Vansittart, 65°50′N 084°00′W / 65.833°N 84.000°W
- ^map 52White, 65°46′N 084°53′W / 65.767°N 84.883°W
- ^map 53Southampton, 64°30′N 084°30′W / 64.500°N 84.500°W
- ^map 54Resolution, 61°35′N 065°00′W / 61.583°N 65.000°W
- ^map 55Loks Land, 62°26′N 064°38′W / 62.433°N 64.633°W
- ^map 56Akpatok, 60°25′N 068°08′W / 60.417°N 68.133°W
- ^map 57Big, 62°43′N 070°43′W / 62.717°N 70.717°W
- ^map 58Salisbury, 63°35′N 077°00′W / 63.583°N 77.000°W
- ^map 59Nottingham, 63°17′N 077°55′W / 63.283°N 77.917°W
- ^map 60Mansel, 62°00′N 079°50′W / 62.000°N 79.833°W
- ^map 61Coats, 62°35′N 082°45′W / 62.583°N 82.750°W
- ^map 62Beechey, 74°43′N 091°51′W / 74.717°N 91.850°W
- ^map 63Broughton, 67°34′N 063°54′W / 67.567°N 63.900°W[61]
- ^map 64Cape Chidley, 60°25′45″N 64°27′50″W / 60.42917°N 64.46389°W[62]
- ^map 65Dorset, 64°12′N 76°32′W / 64.200°N 76.533°W[63]
- ^map 66Duke of York, 68°15′N 112°30′W / 68.250°N 112.500°W
- ^map 67East Pen, 56°45′N 088°40′W / 56.750°N 88.667°W
- ^map 68Flaherty, 56°14′N 079°17′W / 56.233°N 79.283°W[64]
- ^map 69Haig-Thomas, 78°15′N 094°30′W / 78.250°N 94.500°W
- ^map 70Hans, 80°49′N 066°27′W / 80.817°N 66.450°W
- ^map 71Herschel, 69°35′N 139°04′W / 69.583°N 139.067°W
- ^map 72Igloolik, 69°23′N 081°40′W / 69.383°N 81.667°W[65]
- ^map 73Killiniq, 60°22′N 064°37′W / 60.367°N 64.617°W
- ^map 74Ottawa, 59°34′N 080°16′W / 59.567°N 80.267°W
- ^map 75Prince Leopold, 74°01′N 090°04′W / 74.017°N 90.067°W
- ^map 76Jenny Lind, 68°43′N 101°58′W / 68.717°N 101.967°W
- ^map 77Skraeling, 78°55′N 075°40′W / 78.917°N 75.667°W
- ^map 78Trodely, 52°14′N 079°26′W / 52.233°N 79.433°W
- ^map 79Gateshead, 70°35′N 100°25′W / 70.583°N 100.417°W
- ^map 80Weston, 52°32′N 079°35′W / 52.533°N 79.583°W
See also
Notes
- 1 2 All areas from the United States Geological Survey, Esri, and the United Nations Environment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre unless indicated otherwise[14]
- ↑ Listed as Elleg Ringens
- ↑ Population: 183[2]
- ↑ Formerly Jens Munk Island
- ↑ Formerly Vansittart Island
- ↑ Formerly White Island
- ↑ Formerly Big Island
- ↑ Population: 593[2]
- ↑ Population: 1,396[2]
- ↑ Population: 1,010[2]
- ↑ Population: 2,049[2]
- ↑ Formerly Jenny Lind Island
- ↑ Formerly Gateshead Island
References
- ↑ "Atlas of Canada – Sea Islands". Atlas.nrcan.gc.ca. 12 August 2009. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Nunavut". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Northwest Territories". Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
- ↑ Marsh, James H., ed. 1988. "Arctic Archipelago" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Toronto: Hurtig Publishers.
- ↑ Thinning of the Arctic Sea-Ice Cover
- ↑ Arctic sea ice decline: Faster than forecast
- ↑ Wayman, Erin (11 March 2013). "Canada's ice shrinking rapidly". Science News. Retrieved 26 May 2026.
- ↑ "Canada". World Statesmen. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ↑ "Northwest Passage gets political name change". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016 – via Canada.com.
- ↑ Levin, Dan (7 November 2016). "Canada and Denmark Fight Over Island With Whisky and Schnapps". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ↑ Bender, Jeremy. "2 countries have been fighting over an uninhabited island by leaving each other bottles of alcohol for over 3 decades". Business Insider. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
- ↑ Hopper, Tristin (13 June 2022). "Canada to get new land border with Denmark as decades-long Hans Island dispute ends". National Post. Retrieved 18 June 2022.
- ↑ "Arctic Archipelago". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 14 April 2025.
- ↑ "Global Islands (USGS, ESRI, UNEP-WCMC)". 16 March 2026. Retrieved 19 July 2026.
- 1 2 "Global Islands (USGS, ESRI, UNEP-WCMC) - USGSEsriWCMC GlobalIslandsv3 BigIslands". 16 March 2026. Retrieved 22 July 2026.
- ↑ "Baffin Island". The Canadian Encyclopedia. 4 March 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2026.
- ↑ "Baffin Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ Wolchover, Natalie (24 January 2012). "World's Largest Island-in-a-lake-on-an-island-in-a-lake-on-an-island Seen on Google Earth". LiveScience. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Victoria Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Ellesmere Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Abandoned 1854 ship found in Arctic". CBC News. 29 July 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Banks Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary No. 1". Environment and Climate Change Canada. 3 June 2022.
- ↑ "Banks Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary No. 2". Environment and Climate Change Canada. 14 November 2019.
- ↑ "Banks Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "The tragic history of the largest uninhabited island on Earth". National Geographic. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2026.
- ↑ "Devon Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Which Provinces and Territories in Canada don't use DST?". timeanddate.com. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Southampton Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Brant Geese (Branta bernicla)". www.earthlife.net. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ Doupé, Jonathan P.; England, John H.; Furze, M.; Paetkau, David (2007). "Most Northerly Observation of a Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos) in Canada: Photographic and DNA Evidence from Melville Island, Northwest Territories". Arctic. 60 (3): 271–276. doi:10.14430/arctic219.
- ↑ "Melville Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "McGill Arctic Research Station (MARS)". Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "The Fossilized Forest Of Axel Heiberg Island". The University of British Columbia. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
- ↑ "Axel Heiberg Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ Pelletier, Jeff (10 April 2025). "A 'North of North' Ice Cove location guide". Nunatsiaq News. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Prince of Wales Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "The National visits Canada's North". CBC News. 27 October 2026. Archived from the original on 3 November 2006.
- ↑ "Somerset Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ McGhee, Robert. Brooman Point Village. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Qausuittuq National Park". Parks Canada. 5 June 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
- ↑ "Polar Bear Pass (Nanuit Itillinga) National Wildlife Area". Environment and Climate Change Canada. 28 November 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
- ↑ "Bathurst Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- 1 2 "Mould Bay Weather Station". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
- ↑ "Prince Patrick Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site". Parks Canada. 6 June 2019. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ↑ "King William Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Ellef Ringnes Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Sirmilik National Park". Parks Canada. 10 June 2025. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Bylot Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary". Environment and Climate Change Canada, Government of Canada. 9 May 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Bylot Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ Martini, I. P.; Wanless, H. R. (24 October 2014). Sedimentary Coastal Zones from High to Low Latitudes: Similarities and Differences. Geological Society of London. ISBN 9781862393745. Retrieved 24 July 2026 – via Google Books.
- ↑ "Prince Charles Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Arctic Exile Monument Project". Retrieved 17 March 2025.
- ↑ "Cornwallis Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "In the bones of the world (Part eight)". Nortext Publishing Corporation (Iqaluit). Nunatsiaq News. 26 July 2002. Archived from the original on 28 March 2005. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
- ↑ "Coats Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Amund Ringnes Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Mackenzie King Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Islands By Land Area". Islands.unep.ch. Archived from the original on 20 February 2018. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ↑ "Sector13.Hudson Strait" (PDF). National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. pollux.nss.nima.mil. pp. 14–15. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 October 2004. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
- ↑ "Broughton Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Cape Chidley Islands". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Dorset Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Flaherty Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
- ↑ "Igloolik Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada.
Further reading
- Aiken, S.G., M.J. Dallwitz, L.L. Consaul, et al. Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval[CD]. Ottawa: NRC Research Press; Ottawa: Canadian Museum of Nature, 2007. ISBN 978-0-660-19727-2.
- Aiken, S. G., Laurie Lynn Consaul, and M. J. Dallwitz. Grasses of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottawa: Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, 1995.
- Balkwill, H.R.; Embry, Ashton F. (1982). Arctic Geology and Geophysics: Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Arctic Geology (Hardcover). Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. ISBN 0-920230-19-9.
- Bouchard, Giselle. Freshwater Diatom Biogeography of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada, 2005. ISBN 0-494-01424-5
- Brown, Roger James Evan. Permafrost in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. National Research Council of Canada, Division of Building Research, 1972.
- Cota GF, LW Cooper, DA Darby, and IL Larsen. 2006. "Unexpectedly High Radioactivity Burdens in Ice-Rafted Sediments from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago". The Science of the Total Environment. 366, no. 1: 253–61.
- Dunphy, Michael. Validation of a modelling system for tides in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Canadian technical report of hydrography and ocean sciences, 243. Dartmouth, N.S.: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 2005.
- Glass, Donald J.; Embry, Ashton F.; McMillan, N. J. (26 February 1988). Devonian of the World: Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Devonian System (Hardcover). Calgary, Canada: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. ISBN 0-920230-47-4.
- Hamilton, Paul B., Konrad Gajewski, David E. Atkinson, and David R.S. Lean. 2001. "Physical and Chemical Limnology of 204 Lakes from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago". Hydrobiologia. 457, no. 1/3: 133–148.
- Mi︠a︡rss, Tiĭu, Mark V. H. Wilson, and R. Thorsteinsson. Silurian and Lower Devonian Thelodonts and Putative Chondrichthyans from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Special papers in palaeontology, no. 75. London: Palaeontological Association, 2006. ISBN 0-901702-99-4
- Michel, C Ingram, R G, and L R Harris. 2006. "Variability in Oceanographic and Ecological Processes in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago". Progress in Oceanography. 71, no. 2: 379.
- Porsild, A.E. The Vascular Plants of the Western Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottawa: E. Cloutier, Queen's printer, 1955.
- Rae, R. W. Climate of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Toronto: Canada Dept. of Transport, 1951.
- Thorsteinsson, R., and Ulrich Mayr. The Sedimentary Rocks of Devon Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Ottawa, Canada: Geological Survey of Canada, 1987. ISBN 0-660-12319-3
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