Battle of Malka Nidzhe
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Battle of Malka Nidzhe | |
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Part of the Gornichevo, Macedonia | |
Result | Entente victory |
Pavle Jurišić Šturm
- 8,127
- 56 guns
- 74 machine guns
- 1,683
- 34 guns lost
The Battle of Malka Nidzhe (
Background
In August 1916, the fighting on the
Prelude
The Bulgarian forces in the occupied areas constituted the right wing of the Bulgarian First Army. These were the 3rd Infantry Brigade of the 6th Bdin Infantry Division, reinforced with the 3rd Cavalry Brigade, the 8th Tundzha Infantry Division and the 1st Infantry Brigade of the 3rd Balkan Infantry Division. In total, around 36 infantry battalions, 30 artillery batteries, 74 machine guns and ten cavalry squadrons. However, the front line, which had to be protected, was 79 kilometres, meaning it was generally thinly held. The army, as a whole, was operating in a mountainous region and lacking sufficient mountain artillery. The ratio of the field to mountain guns was 9 to 1.5.
The Entente forces consisted of the
On the southwest side of Lake Ostrovo were the forces of General Victor Louis Cordonnier which consisted of the two French divisions (156th Infantry Division, fr:57e division d'infanterie) and supported by a Russian infantry brigade. Their objective was the Malareka Range. Opposing them on a 20 km front were: three battalions, three artillery batteries and six cavalry squadrons in the first line, supported by another three and a half battalions and five artillery batteries in the second line. In addition, on the eastern side of Lake Ostrovo, between the two main Allied forces, was the Serbian Cavalry Division of four mounted and 12 dismounted squadrons.
For both directions of the Allied advance, the Bulgarians could also count on the army reserve of four and a half battalions and a single mountain artillery battery in the third line.
Battle
Early in the morning on 12 September 1916, in the Malka Nidzhe sector, the Allied artillery began a preparatory artillery barrage against the two Bulgarian infantry brigades that were situated there. It continued, with varying intensity and accuracy, for almost the entire day. The Serbian infantry used this to approach the Bulgarian barbed wire on the right flank and achieve limited gains in the center of the line because the Bulgarian artillery prevented them from advancing further at that moment. The Bulgarian counterattack was delayed and was launched in the evening. It temporarily restored the Bulgarian positions, but under the heavy Allied artillery fire, the casualties (c. 400 killed, wounded or missing) were heavy, and the position soon became untenable.
Simultaneously with the Serbian attack against Gornichevo, the French and Russians began their advance and quickly overran the first Bulgarian line forcing the forces there to retreat to the main defensive line on the Malareka Ridge.
On 13 September, the Allied artillery continued its barrage, and the Serbs used their time only to get closer to the Bulgarian positions. By the end of the day, the Bulgarian soldiers had retired to their main defensive line on the Malka Nidzhe.
On 14 September, the Allied artillery fire began causing severe damage to some Bulgarian artillery batteries, decreasing their ability to support the Bulgarian infantry. The Serbian infantry began its attack at about 10 AM and managed to enter an 800-meter part of the front line between the 23rd and 30th infantry regiments, which were not fortified or guarded in sufficient numbers. The Bulgarian
Meanwhile, to the southwest, the French and Russians had not achieved a decisive breakthrough and were temporarily contained by the Bulgarian artillery. The Serbian success, however, threatened the flank of the Bulgarian forces on Malareka Ridge, and they also decided to retire.
Aftermath
During the three days of fighting, the 1st and 2nd Brigade of the 8th Tudzha Division suffered an average of 21% casualties and abandoned many of their artillery guns, which further weakened them despite that they managed to retreat to a new position around
Notes
- The numbers of the strength of the Bulgarian forces indicate the effective strength of the 1st and 2nd Infantry Brigades of the 8th Division deployed on the Malka Nidzhe Ridge against the Serbs. The same is true about the casualty figures. The divisional reserve (12th Infantry Regiment), which was not involved in the fighting until after the retreat, is not included.
References
This article includes a improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2014) ) |
- Дошкинов. Боятъ на Малка Нидже 12–14.09.1916.Артилерийски прегледъ, година 5, кн. 7 и 8, януарий 1932
- Luigi Villari.The Macedonian campaign. T.F. Unwin Ltd., 1922