Beta-synuclein
| SNCB | |||
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Gene ontology | |||
| Molecular function | |||
| Cellular component | |||
| Biological process | |||
| Sources:Amigo / QuickGO | |||
Ensembl | |||||||||
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| UniProt | |||||||||
| RefSeq (mRNA) |
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| RefSeq (protein) |
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 5: 176.62 – 176.63 Mb | Chr 13: 54.91 – 54.91 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
| View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Beta-synuclein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SNCB gene.[5][6][7]
The protein encoded by this gene is highly homologous to alpha-synuclein. These proteins are abundantly expressed in the brain and putatively inhibit phospholipase D2 selectively. The encoded protein, which may play a role in neuronal plasticity, is abundant in neurofibrillary lesions of patients with Alzheimer's disease. This protein has been shown to be highly expressed in the substantia nigra of the brain, a region of neuronal degeneration in patients with Parkinson's disease; however, no direct relation to Parkinson's disease has been established. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene.[7]
Beta-synuclein is a
presynaptic terminals. Beta-synuclein is predominantly expressed in the neocortex, hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum. It is not found in Lewy bodies, but it is associated with hippocampal pathology in PD and DLB.[8]
Beta-synuclein is suggested to be an inhibitor of alpha-synuclein aggregation, which occurs in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Thus, beta-synuclein may protect the central nervous system from the neurotoxic effects of alpha-synuclein and provide a novel treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.[9][10]
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000074317 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000034891 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 7558013.
- PMID 9806846.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SNCB synuclein, beta".
- PMID 11806835.
- PMID 15026413.
- S2CID 14766899.
Further reading
- Jakes R, Spillantini MG, Goedert M (1994). "Identification of two distinct synucleins from human brain". FEBS Lett. 345 (1): 27–32. S2CID 36840279.
- Jensen PH, Hojrup P, Hager H, et al. (1997). "Binding of Abeta to alpha- and beta-synucleins: identification of segments in alpha-synuclein/NAC precursor that bind Abeta and NAC". Biochem. J. 323 (Pt 2): 539–46. PMID 9163350.
- Pronin AN, Morris AJ, Surguchov A, Benovic JL (2000). "Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (34): 26515–22. PMID 10852916.
- Rockenstein E, Hansen LA, Mallory M, et al. (2001). "Altered expression of the synuclein family mRNA in Lewy body and Alzheimer's disease". Brain Res. 914 (1–2): 48–56. S2CID 35448948.
- Tanji K, Mori F, Nakajo S, et al. (2001). "Expression of beta-synuclein in normal human astrocytes". NeuroReport. 12 (13): 2845–8. S2CID 84671534.
- Hashimoto M, Rockenstein E, Mante M, et al. (2001). "beta-Synuclein inhibits alpha-synuclein aggregation: a possible role as an anti-parkinsonian factor". Neuron. 32 (2): 213–23. S2CID 14766899.
- Uversky VN, Li J, Souillac P, et al. (2002). "Biophysical properties of the synucleins and their propensities to fibrillate: inhibition of alpha-synuclein assembly by beta- and gamma-synucleins". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 11970–8. PMID 11812782.
- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. PMID 12477932.
- Ihara M, Tomimoto H, Kitayama H, et al. (2003). "Association of the cytoskeletal GTP-binding protein Sept4/H5 with cytoplasmic inclusions found in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (26): 24095–102. PMID 12695511.
- Fung KM, Rorke LB, Giasson B, et al. (2003). "Expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in glial tumors and medulloblastomas". Acta Neuropathol. 106 (2): 167–75. S2CID 39712533.
- da Costa CA, Masliah E, Checler F (2003). "Beta-synuclein displays an antiapoptotic p53-dependent phenotype and protects neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced caspase 3 activation: cross-talk with alpha-synuclein and implication for Parkinson's disease". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (39): 37330–5. PMID 12867415.
- Ohtake H, Limprasert P, Fan Y, et al. (2005). "β-Synuclein gene alterations in dementia with Lewy bodies". Neurology. 63 (5): 805–11. PMID 15365127.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. PMID 15489334.
- Snyder H, Mensah K, Hsu C, et al. (2005). "beta-Synuclein reduces proteasomal inhibition by alpha-synuclein but not gamma-synuclein". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (9): 7562–9. PMID 15591046.
- Sung YH, Eliezer D (2006). "Secondary structure and dynamics of micelle bound β- and γ-synuclein". Protein Sci. 15 (5): 1162–74. PMID 16597821.
- Fan Y, Limprasert P, Murray IV, et al. (2006). "Beta-synuclein modulates alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity by reducing alpha-synuclein protein expression". Hum. Mol. Genet. 15 (20): 3002–11. PMID 16959793.
- Myslinski E, Gérard MA, Krol A, Carbon P (2007). "A genome scale location analysis of human Staf/ZNF143-binding sites suggests a widespread role for human Staf/ZNF143 in mammalian promoters". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (52): 39953–62. PMID 17092945.
- Sung YH, Eliezer D (2007). "Residual structure, backbone dynamics, and interactions within the synuclein family". J. Mol. Biol. 372 (3): 689–707. PMID 17681534.
External links
- Human SNCB genome location and SNCB gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
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