Brede, East Sussex

Coordinates: 50°56′N 0°36′E / 50.94°N 0.60°E / 50.94; 0.60
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Brede
East Sussex
AmbulanceSouth East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
East Sussex
50°56′N 0°36′E / 50.94°N 0.60°E / 50.94; 0.60

Brede is a village and civil parish in the Rother district of East Sussex, England. It is located eight miles (13 km) north of Hastings and four miles (6 km) west of Rye.

Features

The River Brede, which flows to the south of the settlement, takes its name from the village. The name is derived from the word for breadth in Old English, and refers to the wide valley which it overlooks.[3]

The ecclesiastical parish is teamed with

perpendicular style. It has a tower at the western end, and internally there are two monuments to the Oxenbridge family, dating from the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.[4] At the Western boundary of St George's Churchyard is the Grave of Damaris Richardson which is marked by a simple wooden cross.[5] Nearby is Church House, an L-shaped building with one wing dating from the seventeenth century. It has two storeys and an attic, with a tiled roof. A second wing was added in the early nineteenth century, which has two storeys with a slate roof.[6] To the north of the church building is Church Cottage and the Old Post Office, which together form another L-shaped building. Church Cottage is a weatherboarded, timber-framed building dating from the fifteenth century, while the Old Post Office probably dates from the eighteenth century.[7]
To the south of the church is a new Rectory, next to the newer portion of graveyard. The Village has a primary school, Methodist church and recreation ground. There are also two pubs; The Red Lion opposite St. George's Church and The Broad Oak, which reopened in March 2019 after two years of closure, and threats to demolish the building for housing. It was previously known as The Rainbow Trout. A bus service connects the village to Northiam, Hastings and Rye.

The parish contains a

palaeoecology.[8]

Avant-garde singer-songwriter Patrick Wolf recorded parts of his 2009 album The Bachelor using the church organ at St George's, Brede.

Florence Aylward (1862–1950), a composer known for her ballads, was the daughter of a Rector at Brede and was born at the Rectory.[9]

Governance

Brede is part of the electoral ward called Brede Valley. This ward stretches south to Westfield with a population taken at the 2011 census of 4,715.[10]

Brede Waterworks

Main article: Brede Waterworks

To meet the growing demands for a drinking water supply to Hastings, trial boreholes were sunk in 1892, initially close to Brede Bridge, but then further to the west on the south side of the river. A continuous pumping test was conducted in 1896, and the boreholes were able to supply 1 million imperial gallons (4.5 megalitres) per day for six months, and so parliamentary approval was obtained for the scheme.[11] However, landowners demanded high prices for their land, and extraction royalties for the water. Church Farm was located on the north bank of the river, and when it was offered for sale, Hastings Council bought it, assuming that water would be available beneath it. Work commenced in 1899, to sink two wells on the farm, numbered 1 and 3, while well number 2 was to the south of the river, on land sold to them by Miss Brisco. The ground conditions were treacherous, but after 4 years, the two north bank wells had reached 275 feet (84 m) while the south bank well had reached 200 feet (61 m). Some 2,700 feet (820 m) of headings and adits to connect the wells together were also constructed. Unexpectedly, the soft ground meant that the wells had to be lined with concrete blocks, and the work cost £38,412, against the original estimate of £14,630.[12]

Once the underground work was completed, buildings could be constructed. As there was no road access to the site, a 0.75-mile (1.21 km) tramway was constructed from the site to Brede Bridge. It was of 18 in (457 mm) gauge, and was worked by an

saddle tank manufactured by W. G. Bagnall together with four 4-ton waggons.[12] A wharf was built just upstream from Brede Bridge, and a steam crane was used to unload materials from barges into the waggons.[13] In addition to the main pumping house, while held two 410-horsepower (310 kW) triple expansion steam engines, manufactured by Tangye Ltd, and the boiler house, mechanical filters, an aerator, an underground storage tank for treated water, and four cottages for employees were constructed on the site.[14] Treated water was pumped to Fairlight, where the service reservoir was 515 feet (157 m) higher than the pumping station.[15] By 1922, the supply from the wells was inadequate, and was supplemented by water taken from the river. The situation was eased in 1928, when Hastings Council bought the Great Sanders Estate at Sedlescombe, and built a dam across the Powdermill Stream to create Powdermill Reservoir. Water from there flowed downhill to Brede Waterworks, and distance of about 1.5 miles (2.4 km), from where it was pumped onwards to Fairlight.[15]

By 1928, navigation on the Brede was difficult, and could only be attempted on 2 days per fortnight. Use of barges ceased, and coal for the pumping engines was delivered by road to the tramway near Brede Bridge.

Grade II listing in 1987, as they were of Special Architectural Interest, and in 1994 the Brede Steam Engine Society was formed, to conserve and maintain the engines.[20] The engines can be viewed by the public at regular open days, and a number of smaller engines and artefacts from the water industry have been assembled at the site.[21]

Notable people from Brede

Bibliography

References

  1. ^ "East Sussex in Figures". East Sussex County Council. Retrieved 26 April 2008.
  2. ^ "Civil parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  3. ^ Gardiner 1995, p. 128.
  4. ^ Historic England. "The parish church of St George (1232070)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  5. ^ "Damaris – A Sussex love story". damaris-brede.eu. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  6. ^ Historic England. "Church House (1352899)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  7. ^ Historic England. "Church Cottage and Old Post Office (1044141)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  8. ^ "Natural England – SSSI". English Nature. Retrieved 26 May 2008.
  9. ^ "The Florence Aylward Concert". St George's Church Brede. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  10. ^ "Brede Valley Ward population 2011". Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  11. ^ BSES 2000, p. 3.
  12. ^ a b BSES 2000, pp. 4–5.
  13. ^ Clarke 1995, p. 2.
  14. ^ BSES 2000, pp. 7–9.
  15. ^ a b BSES 2000, p. 10.
  16. ^ Clarke 1995, p. 3.
  17. ^ Clarke 1995, p. 7.
  18. ^ BSES 2000, pp. 12–13.
  19. ^ BSES 2000, pp. 15–16.
  20. ^ BSES 2000, pp. 16–17.
  21. ^ "Steam pumping engines and water heritage collections". Brede Steam Giants. Archived from the original on 23 July 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.

External links

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