British Airtours
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Founded | 24 April 1969 (as BEA Airtours) | ||||||
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Ceased operations | 14 April 1988 (rebranded as Parent company
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Headquarters |
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Key people |
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British Airtours (stylised as British aırtours) was a
Established as BEA Airtours in 1969, it became a wholly owned subsidiary of British Airways (BA) following the merger between British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) in the early 1970s. British Airtours adopted the Caledonian Airways name when the newly British Airways completed the acquisition of the rival British Caledonian in April 1988. Caledonian Airways was eventually sold to tour operator Inspirations in 1995, marking BA's exit from the mainstream inclusive tour market. In 1999, Thomas Cook acquired Inspirations and merged Caledonian Airways with Flying Colours to form JMC Air Services, a forerunner of the UK arm of the later Thomas Cook Airlines. On 23 September 2019, Thomas Cook Airlines ceased operations, thus ending the legacy of British Airtours.
History
Origins
BEA Airtours was formed on 24 April 1969 as a division of BEA to provide it with a
The independent charter airlines were suspicious of BEA's motive to enter the IT market and some feared that the operator held a hidden agenda to destabilise this market by undercutting the independent carriers, none of which could match the corporation's financial resources and access to capital at the time. The independents moreover thought that BEA Airtours was meant to take on the corporations' excess staff as well as to absorb aircraft that were surplus to their requirements. They feared that this would lead to significant
BEA's new charter division had a startup capital of £250,000 and selected Gatwick Airport south of London to serve as its base, where it took over the former Transglobe Airways hangar to provide engineering support for its Gatwick fleet.[6] During 1970, the airline commenced commercial operations out of Gatwick, initially using a fleet of seven second-hand ex-BEA de Havilland Comet series 4B aircraft which seated 109 passengers in a single-class configuration.[1][7][8] On 6 March 1970, the first revenue flight departed Gatwick.[9][10]
Corporate changes and new services
During 1971, BEA Airtours had decided to replace the entire fleet with a similar number of larger capacity, longer
Following the corporations' intervention, BEA Airtours acquired seven former BOAC
The 1973 oil crisis in the wake of the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, which led to a quadrupling of the price of a barrel of oil, substantially increased the operating costs of the remaining fuel-thirsty Comets and began to have an adverse impact on the airline's financial performance. British Airtours, as the airline had become known following the establishment of British Airways in 1974 as a result of the 1972 BEA—BOAC merger, therefore decided to retire its remaining five Comets at the end of that year's summer season and to sell the entire fleet to independent British operator Dan-Air.[14][19][20]
In 1975, British Airtours commenced transatlantic Advance Booking Charter (ABC) flights to the United States. Over the coming years, British Airtours acquired additional Boeing 707s which British Airways had inherited from BOAC. In June 1982, British Airtours launched twice-weekly scheduled services between Gatwick and Newark using Boeing 707s in an all-economy configuration. However, the airline's foray into the transatlantic scheduled market ended after only seven months in early January 1983.[21][22]
When British Airways decided in the late-1970s to replace the aging and increasingly inefficient short-/medium-haul Hawker Siddeley Tridents and BAC One-Elevens which it had inherited from BEA with Boeing 737s and 757s, a follow-on order for nine brand-new 737-236 Advanced aircraft was placed with Boeing.[23] These aircraft, which were delivered to British Airtours' Gatwick base during the early 1980s,[24] allowed it to replace all of its old, second-hand narrow-bodied planes with brand-new equipment, thereby considerably enhancing its competitiveness vis-à-vis its independent rivals.
During 1984, British Airtours took delivery of a
Rebranding and later activity
In April 1988, British Airtours adopted the popular Caledonian Airways brand when the newly privatised British Airways had completed the takeover of its former Gatwick-based rival British Caledonian. As an additional measure to signify the change, the airline also adopted a modified Caledonian livery which had been adapted from the contemporary, Landor Associates-designed British Airways livery.[28] The newly rebranded Caledonian Airways transferred its Gatwick operation from the airport's South Terminal into the then brand-new North Terminal, thereby concentrating the majority of the British Airways group's Gatwick services within the new terminal.[29][30]
Shortly thereafter, Caledonian Airways commenced the replacement of its Boeing 737 narrow-bodies with additional ex-British Airways
During 1995, British Airways decided to exit the short- to medium-haul
Aircraft operated
Throughout its 29-year existence the following aircraft types formed part of the BEA Airtours/British Airtours/Caledonian fleet:
- Airbus A320-200 (Caledonian)
- Boeing 707-336B/C (British Airtours)/436 (BEA Airtours/British Airtours)
- Boeing 737-236 Advanced (British Airtours/Caledonian)
- Boeing 747-236B (British Airtours)
- Boeing 757-236 (Caledonian)
- de Havilland Comet 4B (BEA Airtours)
- Lockheed L-1011 Tristar1/50/100/200 (British Airtours/Caledonian)
- McDonnell-Douglas DC-10-30(Caledonian).
Fleet details
Fleet in 1970
In March 1970, the BEA Airtours fleet comprised 9 aircraft.[31]
Aircraft | Total |
---|---|
de Havilland Comet 4B | 9 |
Total | 9 |
Fleet in 1972
In May 1972, the BEA Airtours fleet comprised 11 aircraft.[32]
Aircraft | Total |
---|---|
Boeing 707-436 | 2 |
de Havilland Comet 4B | 9 |
Total | 11 |
Five Boeing 707-436 were on order.
Fleet in 1974
In March 1974, the British Airtours fleet comprised 9 aircraft.[33]
Aircraft | Total |
---|---|
Boeing 707-436 | 9 |
Total | 9 |
Fleet in 1982
In April 1982, the British Airtours fleet comprised 9 aircraft.[34]
Aircraft | Total |
---|---|
Boeing 737-236 Advanced | 9 |
Total | 9 |
Fleet in 1984
In March 1984, the British Airtours fleet comprised 16 aircraft.[25][26][35]
Aircraft | Total |
---|---|
Boeing 747-236B | 1 |
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 200/200F
|
2 |
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1
|
3 |
Boeing 707-336B | 1 |
Boeing 737-200 Advanced | 9 |
Total | 16 |
Fleet in 1988
In March 1988, the British Airtours fleet comprised 10 aircraft.[35]
Aircraft | Total |
---|---|
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 100
|
1 |
Lockheed L-1011 Tristar 1
|
3 |
Boeing 737-200 Advanced | 6 |
Total | 10 |
Incidents and accidents
- On 17 March 1977, a Boeing 707-436, crashed soon after takeoff, injuring the 4 crew on board. The flight was a training session for three trainees at Glasgow Prestwick Airport. The cause was a delay of the pilots doing the correct procedures for a failing engine.
- On 27 May 1985, a Lockheed TriStar, G-BBAI, operating Flight 101, overran the runway at Leeds Bradford Airport on landing from Palma after a rain shower. The aircraft was evacuated, with only minor injuries sustained by the 14 crew and 398 passengers. The nose landing gear strut folded backwards during the overrun, leading to severe damage to the underside of the forward fuselage. The undersides of both wing-mounted engines were flattened and both engines suffered ingestion damage. The main wheels of the aircraft also dug deep troughs in the area beyond the end of the runway, damaging the buried airfield lighting cables. The accident report concluded that the overrun was caused by the inability of the aircraft to achieve the appropriate level of braking effectiveness, and recommended that both the scheduled wet runway performance of the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar and the condition of the surface of runway 14 at Leeds Bradford Airport should be re-examined.
- On 22 August 1985, asphyxiationafter inhaling the fumes.
Preserved aircraft
Boeing 707-436 G-APFJ was initially preserved at
See also
References
Citations
- ^ a b "BEA Names Charter Company." Flight International, 17 April 1969. p. 612.
- ^ "First thoughts on Edwards." Flight International, 8 May 1969. p. 741.
- ^ "The Edwards Report — Principal recommendations: Air Transport." Flight International, 8 May 1969. p. 745.
- ^ Airliner Classics (1960s: BEA Airtours Division Created). Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, November 2011. p. 9.
- ^ "Plea for a better deal — Independent airlines lobby the opposition." Air Transport, 5 March 1970. p. 323.
- ^ Woodley, C. Flying to the sun – A history of Britain's holiday airlines: 6. Into the jet age – British European Airways. The History Press, Stroud, 2016. pp. 104/5.
- ^ "Sensor — BEA Airtours ...World News." Flight International, 4 September 1969. p. 343.
- ^ "Air Transport." Flight International, 26 March 1970. p. 453.
- ^ "World Airlines". Flight International, 6 May 1971. p. 619.
- ^ Tour de Force: The British Airtours Story Part 1 Airliner World April 2020 pages 28-38
- ^ a b "Airtours 707s: February decision: Air Transport." Flight International, 14 January 1971. p. 45.
- ^ "BEA Airtours ... Air Transport." Flight International, 6 January 1972. p. 9.
- ^ a b "Airtours expansion: Air Transport." Flight International, 20 January 1972. p. 85.
- ^ a b c d "BEA Airtours profit growth: Air Transport." Flight International, 6 September 1973. p. 397.
- ^ "Airtours buys BOAC 707s." Flight International, 1 July 1971. p. 2.
- ^ "Airtours shops at home...Air Transport." Flight International, 8 July 1971. pp. 44/5.
- ^ a b "Air Transport." Flight International, 23 December 1971. p. 997.
- ^ Airways — B.O.A.C.'s Rolls-Royce Boeing 707s (Second-tier operations), Vol. 17, No. 2, Iss. 170, p. 44. HPC Publishing, St Leonards-on-Sea, April 2010.
- ^ "Last Comet Tango: Air Transport." Flight International, 8 November 1973. p. 773.
- ^ Airliner World (The Last of Dan-Air's Comets – Additional Comets). Key Publishing, Stamford, UK, November 2010. pp. 71/2.
- ^ "BAT and Air Florida vie for London—Newark: World news." Flight International, 24 April 1982. p. 1026.
- ^ "BAT ends Newark service: Air Transport." Flight International, 11 December 1982. p. 1661.
- ^ "...737s for British Airtours: World News." Flight International, 30 December 1978. p. 2298.
- ^ "Air Transport." Flight International, 12 April 1980. p. 1121.
- ^ a b "Air Transport." Flight International, 31 March 1984. p. 794.
- ^ a b "Air Transport." Flight International, 17 March 1984. p. 665.
- ^ "Airtours wears new colours: Air Transport." Flight International, 9 February 1985. p. 6.
- ^ "The lion stays, Air Transport." Flight International, 12 March 1988. p. 5.
- ^ "BA pulls out of Gatwick South." Flight International, 16 July 1988. p. 12.
- ^ Tour de Force: The British Airtours Story Part 2 Airliner World May 2020 pages 97-105
- ^ World Airlines 1970 ..., Flight International, 26 March 1970, p. 474
- ^ World Airlines — Supplement, Flight International, 18 May 1972, p. 16
- ^ World Airline Directory, Flight International, 21 March 1974, p. 25
- ^ World Airline Directory, Flight International, 3 April 1982, p. 826
- ^ a b airfleets — British Airtours, Airfleets.net, 2002-2009
- ^ "Boeing 707-436". British Airline Icons. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
Bibliography
- "Flight International". Flight International. Sutton, UK: Reed Business Information. ISSN 0015-3710. (various issues relating to BEA/British Airtours, 1969–1988)
- British Airways Archives and Museum Collection (1969–1995)
- "Aircraft (Gone but not forgotten: British Airtours)". Aircraft. Hersham, UK: Ian Allan Publishing: 74–77. August 2011. ISSN 2041-2150. (Aircraft online)