Broad Run High School
Broad Run High School | |
---|---|
high school | |
Opened | 1969 |
School board | Loudoun County School Board |
School district | Loudoun County Public Schools |
Principal | David Spage |
Staff | 117 |
Grades | 9–12 |
Enrollment | 1,589[1] (2022–23) |
Language | English |
Campus | Suburban |
Color(s) | Maroon and Gold |
Mascot | Spartan |
Nickname | Cornfield High |
Rivals | |
Communities served |
|
Feeder schools |
|
Athletic Conference | Dulles District 4C North Region |
Website | https://www.lcps.org/brhs |
Broad Run High School is a public secondary school in
in 2020.Originally a rural school serving all of eastern Loudoun County, the growth of the county's population beginning in the mid-1990s has resulted in systematic reduction of Broad Run's attendance area as it spun off eight of the district's high schools from within its original boundaries. Initial surroundings of farm fields have been replaced by housing tracts and the school now possesses one of the most culturally diverse student populations in the region. Broad Run High School is also located in one of the most affluent zip codes and counties in the country with recorded median income of more than $100,000 per household. After a period of high construction in the early 2000s, the number of high schools in the area stayed the same until Briar Woods and Freedom High School opened in 2005, John Champe High school in 2012, Rock Ridge High School in 2014,[2] and Riverside High School completed construction in 2015.[3]
In 1969, Loudoun County opened its third public high school amidst corn fields in Ashburn to accommodate the growing student populations resulting from new housing developments in the unincorporated communities in the eastern half of the county. Since then, the county population has increased nearly sevenfold (most of it in the east), straining education budgets, infrastructure, and local politics.[4] For Ashburn, this has resulted in constantly shifting attendance boundaries as new schools are constantly being opened, at all levels, elementary, middle, and high.[5] The area's student demographics have significantly changed as well: Loudoun County's residents are now the country's most affluent (per capita),[6] and its ethnic composition continues to diversify as foreign immigration into Northern Virginia increases.
Before the 2011–2012 school year, additional lockers were installed due to increases in the school's population.
History
Public education in Ashburn predates Broad Run's debut in 1969. In 1892, a school for Black Americans was built in Old Ashburn. At a cost of $6,000, a separate school, known as Ashburn High School, was built for both elementary and high school white students in 1911. It was a four-room wood-frame schoolhouse; additions to the original structure were made in 1922, 1930, and 1934. The school served white Ashburn students until February 14, 1944, when the entire building was destroyed by fire. Its replacement, an elementary-only brick structure, was constructed in 1945 and is still in use. Known as the Ashburn Annex, it is a training center for LCPS and has also been used for Broad Run High School population overflow.[7][8]
In the 1960s high school age children from eastern Loudoun County attended
The campus of the district's third high school (Loudoun County High opened in 1954 and
Enrollment history
Broad Run's student population averaged 1,486 students during the period 1995–2006. The county's steady population increases during this time resulted in accompanying student body expansions, periodically relieved as other high schools opened in eastern Loudoun County (note the population drops in the table below as these schools opened – Potomac Falls in 1997, Stone Bridge in 2000, Dominion in 2003, Freedom in 2005, and Riverside in 2015).[18]
School Year | Number of Students |
---|---|
1969–1970* | 929[12] |
1995–1996 | 1,543 |
1996–1997 | 1,751 |
1997–1998 | 1,284 |
1998–1999 | 1,315 |
1999–2000 | 1,670 |
2000–2001 | 1,343 |
2001–2002 | 1,376 |
2002–2003 | 1,520 |
2003–2004 | 1,483 |
2004–2005 | 1,687 |
2005–2006 | 1,448 |
2006–2007 | 1,415 |
2007–2008 | 1,439 |
2008–2009 | 1,487 |
2009–2010 | 1,603 |
2010–2011 | 1,683 |
2011–2012 | 1,786 |
2012–2013 | 1,838[19] |
2014–2015 | 1,855 |
2015–2016 | 1,704 |
2018–2019 | 1,605 |
- *includes an eighth grade class of 244 students
2021 sexual assault
On May 28, 2021, a male teenager was accused of sexually assaulting a female student in a girls' restroom at
Campus
The campus sits on 39.96 acres (161,700 m2) along Ashburn Road, across from the Ashbriar community.
Students
The Broad Run attendance boundaries encompass the
The ethnic/racial composition of Broad Run's student body in the 2006–2007 school year was 64% White, 11% Black, 11% Hispanic, and 14% Asian.[18]
Administration and faculty
The school's administrative team is headed by the
Broad Run has had only five principals since it opened: James C. McBride (1969–1979); E. Wayne Griffith (1979–1996); Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. (1996–2010), Doug Anderson (2010–2014), and David Spage (2014–present). Its principal before Doug Anderson, Edgar T. Markley, a 2003 recipient of The Washington Post's Annual Distinguished Educational Leadership Award,[31] retired after the 2009–2010 school year.
There are 117 teachers, yielding a
Administrator timeline
BRHS Administrators | ||
---|---|---|
School Year | Principal | Assistant Principals |
1969 – 1975 | James C. McBride | Edgar B. Hatrick Michael Megeath |
1975 – 1977 | James C. McBride | Alta Bibb Michael Megeath |
1977 – 1978 | James C. McBride | Alta Bibb Charles Haydt |
1978 – 1979 | James C. McBride | Jean Bibb David G. Smith |
1979 – 1986 | E. Wayne Griffith | David G. Smith Janice B. White |
1986 – 1988 | E. Wayne Griffith | David G. Smith John Taylor |
1988 – 1989 | E. Wayne Griffith | Virginia Minshew David G. Smith |
1989 – 1992 | E. Wayne Griffith | Michael Martin Virginia Minshew |
1992 – 1995 | E. Wayne Griffith | Ms. Basil Michael Martin Virginia Minshew |
1995 – 1996 | E. Wayne Griffith | Virginia Minshew, Ed.D. |
1996 – 1997[33] | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | W. John Brewer |
1997 – 1998 | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | |
1998 – 1999[34] | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | W. John Brewer Anne Brooks Ron Petrella |
1999 – 2000[35] | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | W. John Brewer Ron Petrella Muriel Roberts |
2000 – 2001[36] | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | W. John Brewer Ron Petrella Muriel Roberts |
2001 – 2002[37] | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | Muriel Heanue Ron Petrella David Spage |
2002 – 2003[38] | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | Gwendolyn Good Muriel Heanue David Spage |
2003 – 2005 | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | |
2005 – 2010 | Edgar T. Markley, Ed.D. | Douglas Anderson Pamela Jacobs Christopher O'Rourke |
2010 – 2014 | Douglas Anderson | Jennifer Cavanaugh Michael Fitzgerald Melissa Sargeant |
2014 – 2015 | David Spage | Jennifer Cavanaugh Melissa Sargeant Nicole Kezmarsky |
2015 – 2017 | David Spage | Melissa Sargeant Nicole Kezmarsky Jennifer Hvozdovic |
2017 – 2018 | David Spage | Melissa Sargeant Jennifer Hvozdovic Chad Runfola |
Curriculum
Students mainly attend classes on the Broad Run campus, but have opportunities to take additional, specialized courses at LCPS's magnet and alternative schools, such as science and math at Loudoun Academy of Science or vocational education classes at C.S. Monroe Technology Center.
The school's
Students attending the Loudoun Academy of Science and Monroe Advanced Technical Academy do so every other class day, taking their non-magnet classes (typically core courses, such as English, social sciences and electives) at Broad Run on the alternate days.[40]
In the fall 2007–spring 2008 school year, AP physics students at Broad Run were credited with the discovery of Asteroid 2007 TW04, which they have officially begun calling "Sparta" in honor of the Broad Run Spartans. The team, led by their AP Physics teacher, was awarded by NASA.[41][42]
Academic performance and achievement
Accreditation
Broad Run is a fully accredited high school[43] based on the Standards of Learning (SOL) examinations in Virginia. Virginia high schools are considered fully accredited if students achieve pass rates of 70% or above in all four content areas (English, mathematics, history/social sciences, and science) on SOL examinations administered during the previous school year. Broad Run's pass rates for the 2006–2007 SY were: English – 95%; Math – 87%; History – 91%; and Science – 85%.[43]
Broad Run's "Fully Accredited" status extends back a number of years:
School Year | English | Math | History | Science | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2005/2006 | 95 | 87 | 91 | 85 | Fully Accredited |
2004/2005 | 97 | 91 | 94 | 85 | Fully Accredited |
2003/2004 | 98 | 87 | 89 | 84 | Fully Accredited |
2002/2003 | 100 | 84 | 89 | 87 | Fully Accredited |
2001/2002 | 86 | 78 | 92 | 90 | Fully Accredited |
2000/2001 | 86 | 72 | 75 | 88 | Fully Accredited |
SAT scores
The average
Test Group | Mathematics | Critical Reading | Writing | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
BRHS | 535 | 525 | 508 | 1,568 |
LCPS | 528 | 525 | 508 | 1,561 |
Virginia | 513 | 512 | 500 | 1,525 |
United States | 518 | 503 | 497 | 1,508 |
Performance history for Broad Run students during the span from 2000 to 2006 shows a steady improvement in Math scores (note that the
School Year | Mathematics | Critical Reading | Writing | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|
2005–2006[45] | 535 | 525 | 508 | 1,568 (1,060 M & CR) |
2004–2005[47] | 532 | 522 | – | 1,054 |
2003–2004 | 530 | 532 | – | 1,062 |
2002–2003 | 530 | 527 | – | 1,057 |
2001–2002 | 528 | 532 | – | 1,060 |
2000–2001 | 515 | 522 | – | 1,037 |
NCLB and Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP)
To meet the requirements of the federal No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), the state of Virginia utilizes its Standards of Learning (SOL) examinations as its progress measurement tool. NCLB requires states to set annual measurable objectives of proficiency in reading and mathematics, participation in testing, and graduation and attendance. These objectives are in addition to the high standards for learning and achievement required under Virginia's SOL program. Schools and school divisions that meet the annual objectives required by the federal education law are considered to have made adequately yearly progress (AYP) toward the goal of 100 percent proficiency of all students in reading and mathematics by 2014.[48]
Broad Run has maintained Adequate Yearly Progress for the school years 2003–2004 through 2005–2006.[48] The percentage of students passing the English and Math tests at Broad Run averages higher than Loudoun County as a whole, but lags slightly behind in Science by three points.[48]
Extracurricular activities
Athletics
Years | Group | District | Region |
---|---|---|---|
1969–1996 | AA | Northwestern District |
Region II
|
1996–1999 | AAA | Liberty District |
Northern Region |
1999–2001 | AA | Northwestern District |
Region II
|
2001–2011 | AA | Dulles District |
Region II
|
2011–2013 | AAA | Cedar Run District |
Northwest Region
|
2013–present | 5A | Potomac District | 5A North Region |
Broad Run is a member of the
Softball
The teams of 2000 and 2002 set new state records for various team categories, such as total runs scored in a season, consecutive shutout innings, total strikeouts in a season, and total strikeouts in one game.[52] Christy Anch, pitcher for the Lady Spartans from 1999 to 2002, personally holds 22 individual state records in the Virginia High School League.[52]
The girls soccer, girls lacrosse, girls softball, boys baseball, boys lacrosse, and boys track teams all won their respective district titles in 2007.
For the second year in a row, Broad Run's softball team under the leadership of Caitlin Delahaba completed a perfect, undefeated record in softball, winning the state championship and becoming the nation's best high school softball team according to USA today.[55] In addition, Broad Run's softball team has become history's fourth greatest high school softball team with 57 straight game victories.
Football
The football program experienced limited degrees of success between 2000 and 2006, fielding only two teams with winning records (2003 and 2004 / 6–4 records) in that time period.[citation needed] Losing seasons in 2002 and 2005 led to the replacement of Ken Belchik as head coach with Michael Burnett in 2006.[57] The team's record was 5–5 in 2006.[58] In 2007, the Spartans had a perfect 10–0 regular season, winning the district championship, but lost to rival Park View High School in the first playoff round.[59] In 2008, the Spartan football team won the AA Division 4 state championship, with a 14–0 record. In 2009 the team won a second state title against Amherst. Since then, the team has continued to be successful in the regular season and playoffs, but after head coach Michael Burnett left after the 2009 season, (being replaced by an assistant coach from rival Stone Bridge - Matt Griffis)[60] the team has not won another state title.
Swim
While a relatively new sport to the school, the Broad Run swim team has enjoyed much success in recent years. Under the coaching of Beverly Kelley. the men's team didn't lose a single meet from 2007 to 2011, winning 26 consecutive dual meets and 4 consecutive Dulles District titles, along with being Region II runner-up in 2011. In this period, the men's team won a total of 4 Virginia AA state titles, including the 2010 200 Freestyle Relay team of Michael Poltash, Alan Horback, Jacob Leidy, and Mark Sarman winning in a time of 1:29.09 at Old Dominion University in Norfolk. In 2022, Kevin Ahearn was hired as head coach. In his first season, he won the girls district championship. In the 2024 season, still under Ahearn, they won the boys district championship for the first time in over ten years.
Feeder Pattern
for the 2020–2021 school year:[61]
- Farmwell Middle School
- Ashburn Elementary School
- Discovery Elementary School
- Dominion Trail Elementary School
Notable alumni
- Pierce Askegren, author at Marvel Comics
- 2015 MLB Draft by the Arizona Diamondbacks; attended College of Charleston
- Alex Field, played football at Virginia, and on the practice squads of the Cleveland Browns and Arizona Cardinals.
- Travis Fulgham, professional football player for the Philadelphia Eagles who played college football at Old Dominion
- Larry Izzo, football player for the New England Patriots, attended and played football from 1988 to 1990 before moving to Texas; attended Rice University.[62]
- Connor Jessop, quarterback for the Washington Redskins and Baltimore Brigade, attended Shepherd University
- Holly King, midfielder for the Washington Spirit and Colorado Pride, head coach of the girls' soccer team at Heritage High School, attended University of Florida
- Conor Mullee, pitcher with the New York Yankees; attended Saint Peter's University[63]
- College of William and Mary,[64]a member of the Broad Run Speech and Debate team who regularly contributes money to the team
- Kim Paffenroth, religious scholar, horror author, and professor at Iona University
- Samson Sergi, professional soccer player for Loudoun United who played college soccer at Xavier
References
Footnotes and citations
- ^ "Virginia School Quality Profiles". Retrieved March 18, 2023.
- ^ Jason S. Rufner (September 7, 2014). "First-year Rock Ridge ready to rise". Loudoun Times-Mirror. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
- ^ "Loudoun County Public Schools Riverside High School Attendance Zone" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2015.
- ^ Sollinger, Shannon (January 10, 2007). "School boundaries yes, budget no". Loudoun Times-Mirror. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ^ "Students On Waiting List In Fast-Growing Loudoun County". NBC4. September 5, 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ^ Goldstein, Amy; Dan Keating (August 30, 2006). "D.C. Suburbs Top List Of Richest Counties". The Washington Post. p. A01. Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ^ "The History of Ashburn Schools". AshburnWeb. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
- ^ Freshmen were bussed in two daily shifts to the Annex in 1994 to alleviate overcrowding on the BRHS campus. (The Shield (Vol. XXV). Broad Run High School. 1994. p. 78.)
- ^ Scheel, Eugene (June 16, 2002). "With 'The Park,' County's Growth Battles Were Just Beginning". Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ^ The Shield – 1973 (Vol. IV). Broad Run High School. 1973. p. 4.
- ^ Morefield, Betty L.; Bronwen C. Souders; Elaine E. Thompson (November 2006), Black History Timeline, Friends of Thomas Balch Library, Inc., p. 26, archived from the original (SWF) on October 26, 2007, retrieved October 28, 2007
- ^ a b c Graham, Liz; Nancy Scott (1970). The Shield (Vol. I). Broad Run High School.
- ^ Graham, Liz; Nancy Scott (1970). The Shield (Vol. I). Broad Run High School. p. 9.
- ^ The student population dropped from 1,550 in SY 1974/75 to 1,100 in 1975/76 as Sterling Park students shifted to Park View High School. (The Shield (Vol. VII). Broad Run High School. 1976. p. 10.)
- ^ Khan, Amena (1997). The Shield – 1997 (Vol. XXVIII). Broad Run High School. p. 81.
- ^ "Stone Bridge readies for opening". Loudoun Times-Mirror. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
- ^ "School Zoning Map Loudoun County Schools". January 23, 2015. Retrieved November 22, 2015.
- ^ a b "VA Dept of Education Fall Membership Data Collection (1995–2006)". Virginia Dept of Education. Archived from the original on December 10, 2006. Retrieved January 3, 2007.
- ^ . LCPS http://lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/66/SUPERINTENDENT%20RECOMMENDED%20FY14-18%20CIP%20111412.pdf. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)[permanent dead link] - ^ a b c d Hilton, Jasmine; Natanson, Hannah; Jouvenal, Justin (October 14, 2021). "Loudoun Country student accused in sexual assaults at two schools, sparking outrage from parents". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
- ^ a b Palmer, Ewan (October 14, 2021). "Loudoun County Officials Address 'Misinformation' Over School Assaults". Newsweek. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
- ^ Jouvenal, Justin (October 25, 2021). "In case at center of political firestorm, judge finds teen committed sexual assault in Virginia school bathroom". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
- ^ Scott Taylor; 7News Staff (October 25, 2021). "Teen suspect found guilty in Loudoun County school bathroom assault". WJLA-TV. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ Taylor, Scott (January 12, 2022). "Teen convicted in 2 Loudoun schools sex assaults sentenced to 'locked residential program'". WJLA-TV. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
- ^ Wilder, Drew (January 12, 2022). "'This One Scares Me': Teen Convicted in Loudoun School Sex Attacks to Register as Sex Offender". NBC Washington. Archived from the original on January 13, 2022. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
- ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved February 18, 2022.
- ^ a b "Broad Run High School". AshburnWeb. Archived from the original on January 11, 2007. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
- ^ a b "High School Attendance Boundaries". Loudoun County Public Schools. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 25, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
- ^ "§8–20 School Assignment" (PDF). Loudoun County Public Schools. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2011. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
- ^ "Annual Distinguished Educational Leadership Awards (2003)". The Washington Post. 2003. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
- ^ "Broad Run High School, Ashburn, Virginia". Public School Review LLC. Retrieved December 27, 2006.
- ^ Khan, Amena (1997). The Shield–1997 (Vol. XXVIII). Broad Run High School.
- ^ Ennis, Karen (1999). The Shield–1999(Vol. XXX). Broad Run High School. p. 62.
- ^ Boyd, Jennifer (2000). The Shield–2000 (Vol. XXXI). Broad Run High School.
- ^ Gardner, Dara (2001). The Shield–2001 (Vol. XXXII). Broad Run High School.
- ^ The Shield–2002 (Vol. XXXIII). Broad Run High School. 2002.
- ^ The Shield–2003 (Vol. XXXIV). Broad Run High School. 2003. pp. 74–75.
- ^ "Broad Run Academics Overview". Loudoun County Public Schools. 2007. Archived from the original on February 5, 2007. Retrieved December 27, 2006.
- ^ "Academy of Science: About Us". Loudoun County Public Schools. 2007. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. Retrieved January 10, 2007.
- ^ "Minor Planet Discoveries: 2007–2008 School Year". Astronomical Research Institute. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
- ^ DePaola, Katie (January 21, 2008). "In the Sky, Broad Run Students Find 'Sparta'". Loudoun Extra. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on May 29, 2008.
- ^ a b "2006–2007 Accreditation Ratings". Virginia Department of Education. 2007. Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on December 9, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
- ^ "2000–2001 Virginia School Accreditation Status". Virginia Department of Education. 2007. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
- ^ a b c "LCPS Above State, National Averages on SAT's". Loudoun County Public Schools. August 29, 2006. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ^ Jackson, Charlie (September 7, 2006). "Board Members To Press Study Of AYP Failures". leesburg2day.com. Retrieved January 1, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "LCPS Posts a Record 1073 on the SAT". Loudoun County Public Schools. August 31, 2005. Archived from the original on September 25, 2006. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ^ a b c "NCLB – School Report Card". Virginia Department of Education. 2007. Archived from the original on January 23, 2007. Retrieved December 24, 2006.
- ^ "Broad Run High School – Fall Sports". Broad Run High School Athletic Department. 2006. Archived from the original on January 17, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
- ^ "Broad Run High School – Winter Sports". Broad Run High School Athletic Department. 2006. Archived from the original on January 17, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
- ^ "Broad Run High School – Spring Sports". Broad Run High School Athletic Department. 2006. Archived from the original on January 17, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
- ^ a b Elis, Marshall Johnson (December 2006). Virginia High School League Book of Records, Tenth Edition – 2006–07 (PDF). Virginia High School League. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007.
- ^ Lofgren, Courtney (May 2007). "BR Spring Sport Supremacy Continues". Vol. 39, no. 8. Broad Run High School. p. 1.
- ^ Hayes, Andy (June 9, 2007). "Broad Run Wins Softball State Title with 8–0 Win". Gameday Magazine. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
- ^ a b "USA TODAY/National Fastpitch Coaches Association High School top 25". USA Today. June 14, 2007. Retrieved June 17, 2007.
- ^ Norris, Stephen A. (June 9, 2007). "Tiplady Delivers for Broad Run". Washington Post. p. E08. Retrieved June 9, 2007.
- ^ Chortkoff, Mitch (March 8, 2006). "Samohi Football Coach Takes Post In Virginia". Santa Monica Mirror Online. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
- ^ "Football Standings". Loudoun Times-Mirror. November 15, 2006. Retrieved January 8, 2007.
- ^ Tenorio, Paul (November 17, 2007). "Park View Pulls It Out on Trick Play in 4th quarter". The Washington Post. HighBeam Research. Archived from the original on April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
- ^ "Burnett Makes First Trip Back to Broad Run Since Leading Spartans to Back-to-Back State Titles". October 4, 2013. Retrieved May 20, 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "2020–21 LCPS Cluster List" (PDF).
- ^ Reed, Sharon (November 15, 2016). "8 Pro Football Players from Loudoun County". Patch. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
- ^ Geddie, John (June 14, 2010). "Former Spartan baseball standout drafted by Bronx Bombers". Loudoun Times-Mirror.
- ^ Chaney, Jen (December 15, 2011). "Patton Oswalt gets philosophical, but he's still funny". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 5, 2019.
Sources
- "NCLB – School Report Card". Virginia Department of Education. 2007. Archived from the original on January 23, 2007. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
- The Shield (Vols. I – XXXVII). Broad Run High School. 1970–2006.