Brunfelsia pauciflora

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Brunfelsia pauciflora
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Brunfelsia
Species:
B. pauciflora
Binomial name
Brunfelsia pauciflora
(
Benth.
Synonyms

Brunfelsia calycina Benth. (basionym)
Brunfelsia pauciflora var. calycina (Benth.) J. A. Schmidt
Franciscea pauciflora Cham. & Schltdl. (basionym)

Brunfelsia pauciflora is a species of flowering plant in the family

perennial plant grown in gardens, its common names include today, tomorrow together, yesterday, today and tomorrow, morning-noon-and-night, kiss me quick, and Brazil raintree.[2]

Cultivars bred for ornamental use include the common 'Eximia', the smaller, more floriferous 'Floribunda', and 'Macrantha', which has larger flowers without white throats.[2] This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[3]

Nomenclature

The genus name Brunfelsia commemorates sixteenth century German monk, Otto Brunfels.[4] The specific epithet pauciflora is Latin for 'few-flowered'.[5]

Description

Shrub setting

This species is a

glabrous, rarely covered with fluff-haired or glandular trichomes
.

The leathery leaves are up to 16 centimeters long, dark green on top and paler on the undersides. The leaves are distributed on the branches or as a group at the branch tips. The hairless

midrib or slightly glandular hairy. The top is dark green, dull to shiny, the underside is light green. From the midrib go five to eleven side veins that run straight or in a wide arc.[2]

The four

anthers are 1.5 to 2 mm long and circular to kidney-shaped. The bright green ovary is 2 to 3 mm high and has a diameter of 1.5 mm, it is conical-ovate shaped. The thread-like stylus has a length of 25 to 30 mm and is coloured lavender. The scar is bilobed, white, 1 mm long, the scar lobes are slightly different in size.[6]

Fruit

With the ripe

calyx is 18 to 32 mm long and has a diameter of 6 to 10 mm. It is tubular or rarely tubular-bellied or puffy, with glandular trichomes or completely hairless, firmly membranous to almost leathery. The calyx teeth are 3 to 8 mm long, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, they rest on the petal, the tips are pointed to tapered. On the fruit the cup is bell-shaped - urn-shaped, becomes firm and thick leathery, something enlarges and encloses the fruit completely.[7]

The

pericarp is thin and dried at maturity. The capsule is slightly springing up. Each capsule contains 12 to 30 seeds, 5 to 6 mm long and 2.5 to 3 mm in diameter. They are ovate to elongate, angled and dark red-brown in colour. The surface is dotted net-like. The embryo is about 5 mm long, straight, the cotyledons are 2 to 3 mm long and flat egg-shaped.[8]

Flowers

Flower closeup

Flowers are borne in cymes of up to 10. The flower is about 5 centimeters long. It blooms purple with a white throat, then turns lavender and then white. The shrub has all three flower colours at once as more bloom. This plant is toxic, especially the fruit. The inflorescences are terminal, are sitting or almost sitting and consist of one to eleven flowers . Each flower is supported by one to three foliage-like bracts, which are 1 to 8 mm long, linear-lanceolate, concave and narrowly pointed. They may be glabrous or glandular. The plant blooms from autumn to early summer. The flowers are on 11 to 25 (rarely to 35) mm long, vigorous flower stems, which are upright, towards the tip are slightly wider, hairy or slightly glandular hairy.[9]

The crown is made up of five overgrown petals, it is initially deep red-purple and fades over the flowering phase to a very light lavender colour or white. At the transition between the petal and coronary band, white dots appear, the edge of the crown is occasionally violet colored.

The petal is 28 to 36 mm long and has a diameter of 1.5 to 3 mm, is just as long to twice as long as the

corolla tube forms an elliptical, white ring, which is 4 to 5 mm long. The lobes have a length of 15 to 30 mm, are widely rounded to almost elliptic, the tip is rounded-cut to dull, laterally overlapping more or less.[10]

Range

It occurs mainly on the Atlantic facing slopes of the

ravines
, as well as in forests in damp, well draining soils.

Toxicity

The roots of several species corresponding to the genus Brunfelsia contain substances whose consumption can cause problems in

carboxamidine.[11]

Gallery

  • Cultivated plant, Chicago Botanic Garden.
    Cultivated plant, Chicago Botanic Garden.
  • Blossom
    Blossom
  • Botanical illustration
    Botanical illustration
  • Sprawling shrub with many flowers
    Sprawling shrub with many flowers
  • Leaves
    Leaves
  • Flower closeup
    Flower closeup
  • Growing in a greenhouse
    Growing in a greenhouse
  • Bunch of flowers
    Bunch of flowers

References

  1. ^ "Brunfelsia pauciflora". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b c Brunfelsia pauciflora. Floridata.
  3. ^ "Brunfelsia pauciflora". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. ^ D. Gledhill The Names of Plants, p. 86, at Google Books
  5. ^ Allen J. Coombes The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants, p. 106, at Google Books
  6. ISBN 951-8942-57-9
  7. ISBN 978-951-8942-92-7
    .
  8. ISBN 978-9998104693
    . (Fieldiana Botany, New Series, Number 39).
  9. ^ Zuloaga, FO, O. Morrone, MJ Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catalog of Vascular Plants of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Southern Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107 (1): i-xcvi, 1-983; 107 (2): i-xx, 985-2286; 107 (3): i-xxi, 2287-3348.
  10. ^ Schatz, GE, S. Andriambololonera, Andrianarivelo, MW Callmander, Faranirina, PP Lowry, PB Phillipson, Rabarimanarivo, JI Raharilala, Rajaonary, Rakotonirina, RH Ramananjanahary, B. Ramandimbisoa, A. Randrianasolo, N Ravololomanana, ZS Rogers, CM Taylor & Wahlert 2011. Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 0 (0): 0-0.
  11. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2663
    .
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