Buick Regal

Buick Regal
2020 Regal Sportback
Overview
Manufacturer	Buick (General Motors)
Model years	North America: 1973–2004, 2011–2020 China: 1999–present
Chronology
Predecessor	Buick Skylark (2nd generation) Buick Century
Successor	Buick LaCrosse

The Buick Regal is a line of mid-size cars marketed by Buick since 1973. For nearly its entire production, the Regal has served as the premium mid-size/intermediate offering of the Buick product range. Introduced as a submodel of the Buick Century, the model line is currently in its sixth generation. From the 1970s to the 1990s, the Regal served as the Buick counterpart of the Pontiac Grand Prix and Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme.

Originally introduced as a personal luxury coupe, the Regal was later expanded to a full model line. To showcase its success in NASCAR racing, from 1982 to 1987, Buick introduced the Buick Regal Grand National, Regal T-Type, and the limited-production Buick GNX. During the 1990s, while the four-door sedan superseded the two-door coupe entirely, forced-induction engines made their return, with superchargers replacing turbochargers.

For 1999, the Buick Regal inaugurated the sale of GM vehicles in the Chinese market, with the 1997 design lasting through 2008. Following the 2004 model year, Buick retired the nameplate in North America, with the Regal replaced by the Buick LaCrosse.

For 2008, Opel introduced the Opel Insignia as its largest sedan, with Buick rebranding the model line as the Regal for the Chinese market. For 2011, GM reintroduced the Regal to North America, rebranding the Insignia sedan for North America. For 2018, Buick introduced the second-generation Opel Insignia, sourcing all production from Germany; alongside a first-ever liftback sedan, the Regal TourX was the first Buick station wagon in 22 years.

After 2020, as the division shifted away from car model lines, Buick ended sales of the Regal in North America.^[1][2][3]

First generation (1973-1977)

A highly trimmed, two-door coupe, the first Regal, officially marketed as the "Century Regal Colonnade Hardtop coupe", shared its front and rear styling with its Century parent with distinctions amounting to differing grilles and taillight lenses. The Regal shared the same "Colonnade" pillared hardtop roofline (a hardtop with B-pillars (center pillars) but frameless doors unlike a sedan body) and greenhouse (window area) with the Grand Prix, Monte Carlo, and Cutlass Supreme as well as the lower-priced Buick Century Luxus coupe. Like its corporate cousins, the Regal (and Luxus) featured the newly fashionable opera windows, which were small fixed rear-side windows surrounded by sheetmetal, instead of the traditional roll-down windows.^[6]

For the first

The Century moniker was discontinued for 1976, with the model now marketed as the Buick Regal.[7]

Interiors were generally more luxurious than lesser Century models, as the Regal featured woodgrain trim on

The model lasted five years with minimal changes, although there was a fairly substantial facelift for the coupe for 1976. The sedan retained its original 1973 sheetmetal through 1977. 1976 models incorporated the recently legalized rectangular headlights, mounted horizontally on the coupe and vertically on the

The Regal was most commonly powered by Buick's 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8, which was standard equipment on all models for 1973 and 1974 before being made optional on coupes from 1975 to 1977, and the larger 455 cu in (7.5 L) V8 that was optional for 1973 and 1974 models only. Starting in 1975, Regal coupes came standard with Buick's resurrected 231 cu in (3.8 L) V6 engine previously offered on the 1964–1967 Skylark; the engine's tooling had been sold to Kaiser Motors for use in Jeep models (Kaiser was purchased by American Motors in 1970 and Jeep became an AMC division) and sold back to GM by AMC in 1974. For 1975 and 1976, the Century and Regal were the only mid-sized cars in America to offer V6 engines. The bolt pattern for this vehicle is 5×4+3⁄4 inches (120.7 mm).

• 
  1974 Buick Century Regal Colonnade Hardtop Coupe
• 
  1975 Buick Century Regal Hardtop Sedan
• 
  1976 Buick Regal 4-door sedan
• 
  1976 Buick Regal 4-door sedan
• 
  1976 Buick Regal Coupe
• 
  1977 Buick Regal Coupe

Production Figures:

Second generation (1978-1987)

A downsized Regal appeared for the 1978 model year with Buick's new 196 cu in (3.2 L)

• 
  1979 Buick Regal Limited
• 
  1980 Buick Regal
• 
  1982 Buick Regal Estate Wagon
• 
  1986 Buick Regal Limited

The 1978 Regal could be equipped with a 3,791 cc (3.8 L; 231.3 cu in)

For 1980, the Regal was offered in a special Somerset Limited Edition

A major facelift for 1981 gave the Regal a much more aerodynamic profile, helping make it possible for the car to compete on the NASCAR racing circuit. The sloping hood and nose of the car made it the favorite of several NASCAR teams, and reduced the drag coefficient by eighteen percent. Richard Petty drove one to victory in the 1981 Daytona 500, and the car won a majority of the 1981 and 1982 seasons races and won the NASCAR manufacturers title in 1981 and 1982. Buick would remain the last marque other than Chevrolet or Ford to win the Cup Series manufacturers championship until Toyota scored its first in 2016.

Buick Regal Production Figures:

Grand National, Turbo-T and T-Type

In 1978, the first turbocharged Regal was introduced as the Regal Sport Coupe. Turbo versions were originally offered with either a two- or a four-barrel carburetor and 150 or 165 hp (112 or 123 kW), but the two-barrel option was removed for 1979.^[17] Meanwhile, the four-barrel's maximum output crept up to 170 hp (127 kW). Power remained unchanged until 1982, when it crept back up to 175 hp (130 kW) and then 180 hp (134 kW) in 1983, when the Sport Coupe was replaced by the Regal T-Type.

In February 1982, the Grand National debuted, which was named for the

The 1982 GN came with a

For 1986, a modified engine design with air-air intercooling boosted the performance even further to a specified 235 hp (175 kW) at 4000 rpm and 330 lb⋅ft (447 N⋅m) of torque at 2400 rpm. The Grand Nationals (quantity 5,512) and T-Types (quantity 2,384) were both produced in 1986. For 1987, performance increased 10 hp, to 245 hp (183 kW) and 355 lb⋅ft (481 N⋅m) of torque, however no design revisions were applied to the engine and systems. Buick dropped the T-Type package for Regal for 1987 models and opted for a "T" sport package instead. There were only 7,896 turbo Regals produced in 1986. In 1987, when turbo Regals reached their peak in popularity, a total of 27,590 turbo Regals were produced through December, with those models produced between September and December of that year window stickered as "1987½ Buick Grand National" vehicles.

For 1987, a lightweight WE4 (Turbo-T) option was offered. Only 1,547 of this variant were produced. The differences between a WE4 and the Grand National were the interior trim package, wheels, exterior badging, aluminum bumper supports, and aluminum rear

• 
  Buick Regal T-Type
• 
  1987 Regal Turbo-T with rare blackout WO2 trim package

GNX

For the final year, 1987, Buick introduced the limited production GNX, for "Grand National Experimental", at $29,900 ($80,189 in 2023 dollars^[9]). Made in partnership with McLaren Performance Technologies/ASC, Buick produced only 547 GNs with the interior trim package, that were then sent off to McLaren and upgraded into the Buick GNX. Buick underrated the GNX at 276 hp (280 PS; 206 kW) at 4400 rpm and a very substantial 360 lb⋅ft (488 N⋅m) at 3000 rpm of torque,^[21] although actual output is 300 bhp (304 PS; 224 kW) and 420 lb⋅ft (569 N⋅m).^[22] This was created to be the "Grand National to end all Grand Nationals".^[23]

Changes made included a special

The stealthy appearance of the all-black GNX and Grand National (and the resemblance of its grill to his helmet's mouthpiece), coupled with the fact that the Grand National was initially released during the popularity of Star Wars movies, earned it the title "Darth Vader's Car.” Due to the turbocharged six-cylinder engine, the Buick make, and the black paint Grand Nationals were sometimes referred to as the "Dark Side". The "Dark Side" contrasted with the more common V8 Mustangs and Camaros that were popular at the time.^[26][27]

Third generation (1988-1996)

A new Regal appeared in October 1987 on the

• 
  1988 Buick Regal Limited coupe
• 
  1990 Buick Regal Custom Coupe
• 
  1990 Buick Regal Gran Sport coupe
• 
  1991 Buick Regal Gran Sport sedan
• 
  1992 Buick Regal Gran Sport coupe
• 
  1992 Buick Regal Gran Sport coupe rear view
• 
  1995–1996 Buick Regal coupe
• 
  1996 Buick Regal sedan

Annual Changes

The Regal was initially offered in base Custom and upscale Limited trim lines. For 1989, the Gran Sport trim line was added, featuring aluminum wheels, body side cladding and a console-mounted shifter attached to the 4-speed automatic. In mid-1990, the Regal gained the option of the Buick 3.8 L V6 with "Tuned-Port-Injection" (TPI).^[30] The 3800 V6 was unique to the Regal amongst the W-body cars, differentiating it from the mechanically similar Chevrolet Lumina, Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme, and Pontiac Grand Prix. Anti-lock brakes were made standard on all but the base Custom cars from 1992.

For 1993, the Regal sedan received a minor facelift with a new hood and larger grille more reminiscent of the larger Buick models, as well as larger taillights. Along with this change came the introduction of an all new electronically controlled 4T60-E automatic transmission to replace the previous 4T60. For 1994, a driver's-side airbag was added, along with standard ABS on all models, standard power windows, and 20 hp (15 kW) more in the base engine due to a revised intake manifold and cylinder head. The Limited coupe was deleted; only the Custom and Gran Sport (GS) coupes remained.

For 1995, another facelift occurred with new smoothed out bumpers, taillights, and body cladding. The interior was completely redesigned to be more streamlined and ergonomically friendly with dual front airbags now standard. For 1996, the larger 3.8 L; 231.3 cu in (3,791 cc) V6 engine became the 3800 Series II and bumped power to 205 hp (153 kW) and 230 lb⋅ft (310 N⋅m). All models were now modified to be

• 1988–1989 2.8 L (2,837 cc; 173.1 cu in)
  V6
  , 125 hp (93 kW) and 160 lb⋅ft (217 N⋅m)
• 1989–1993 3.1 L (3,135 cc; 191.3 cu in)
  Chevrolet LH0
  MFI V6, 140 hp (104 kW) and 180 lb⋅ft (244 N⋅m)
• 1994–1996 3.1 L (3,135 cc; 191.3 cu in)
  Chevrolet L82
  SFI V6, 160 hp (119 kW) and 185 lb⋅ft (251 N⋅m)
• 1990–1995 3.8 L (3,791 cc; 231.3 cu in)
  Buick L27
  V6, 170 hp (127 kW) and 220 lb⋅ft (298 N⋅m)
• 1996 3.8 L (3,791 cc; 231.3 cu in) Buick L36 V6, 205 hp (153 kW) and 230 lb⋅ft (310 N⋅m)

Fourth generation (1997)

For the 1997 model year, the Century and Regal once again rode upon the same platform; the revised

• 
  1997–2004 Buick Regal sedan
• 
  1999 Regal LS, Rear View

This period held the fastest Buick since the days of the 1987

The North American Regal was replaced in 2005 by the Buick LaCrosse, also built on the W platform. The final 2004 Buick Regal rolled off the assembly line on June 1, 2004.^[34]

Engines

• 1997–2004
  V6
• 1997–2004
  V6

Regal LS and GS performance

The Regal LS from the factory had a 1/4 mile (≈400 m) elapsed time (ET) of 15.8 seconds and could do 0-60 mph in under 8 seconds. The supercharged Regal GS had a 1/4 mile ET of 14.9 seconds, and acceleration to 60 mph (97 km/h) took 6.7 seconds.^[35] The Regal GS, equipped with the supercharged 3.8 liter V6 engine (L67) produced 240 hp (179 kW) & 280 lb⋅ft (380 N⋅m) of torque. The Regal GS's PCM has programming that activates torque management to reduce wheel spin at launch. The Regal LS was EPA rated at 19/30 MPG city/freeway while the supercharged Regal GS was EPA rated at 18/27 MPG city/freeway.

Regal LSX and GSX (SLP Performance)

In the 2003 and 2004 model years, Buick officially offered — in collaboration with Troy, Michigan based tuners, Street Legal Performance, aka SLP Performance — the Buick Regal GSX, with dealer-supplied and installed options for both LS and GS models. The SLP GSX offered three packages, marketed as stages. The Stage 1 package added 10 horsepower with the addition of a dual stainless steel cat-back exhaust system and free-flowing cold air induction system. The Stage 2 package added a Hypertech Power Programmer with an SLP custom calibration tune was included with the Stage 1 components — good for an extra 20 horsepower. The Stage 3 package added a 3.5-inch smaller diameter supercharger pulley to increase the boost. With an advertised 30 more horsepower than stock, the Stage 3 GSX was conservatively rated at 270 hp (201 kW) and 312 lb⋅ft (423 N⋅m) of torque.

As GSX parts remained directly available from SLP for many years, Regal GS sedan owners could have their cars independently customized to GSX appearance and performance by SLP dealers, including for Regal GS models from 1997 to 2004. An authentic Buick GSX can be verified from an SLP door jamb label with the correct part number for the kit.^[36][37]

Joseph Abboud Edition

From 2001 to 2004 Buick offered a Joseph Abboud appearance package on both the GS and LS models. This package included either a solid taupe or two-tone taupe/chestnut leather seats, two-tone leather-wrapped steering wheel, leather shifter handle and boot, 16-inch aluminum wheels; and Joseph Abboud signature emblems on the front doors, floor mats, front-seat headrests, and taillights.

China

General Motors and

The Chinese-built Regal was also sold in the Philippines from 2005 to 2006 as the Chevrolet Lumina, where it replaced the Opel Vectra. The 2.5 V6 was the only engine option.^[42] The Chevrolet Lumina was discontinued from the Filipino market in 2006, leaving GM again without a mid-size sedan until the introduction of the eighth generation Chevrolet Malibu in 2013.

Fifth generation (2008)

The fifth-generation Buick Regal is a four-door, five-passenger,

GM originally planned to sell a modified version of the Opel Insignia in North America as the second generation Saturn Aura, but changed strategy after deciding to discontinue the Saturn brand.^[49] The Regal utilizes unibody construction with galvanized steel front fenders, hood, roof and door panels and thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) bumper covers.^[47] The North American Regal weighs about 13 lb (6 kg) more than an equivalent Opel Insignia due to increased structural support in the B-pillar necessary to meet U.S. rollover standards.^[50]

Buick's product manager director Roger McCormack stated in a 2010 consumer webchat that a coupé version was under heavy consideration, as well as the possibility for further body styles such as a convertible.^[51] A Buick-badged Insignia Sports Tourer was also spied, but the following year a Buick spokesperson declared that there were no plans to sell a Regal wagon.^[52][53]

Marketing

GM presented the fifth-generation Regal to North American dealers on October 14, 2009, and introduced the Regal to the public in November 2009 at the LA Auto Show.^[54] Sales of the Regal began in February 2010. In North America, the Regal is positioned below the larger, more expensive LaCrosse and above the Verano compact sedan which debuted late in the 2011 calendar year.

Production

Production of the

The Regal debuted in North America with a 2.4L DOHC I4 engine rated at 182 hp (136 kW) and 172 lb⋅ft (233 N⋅m) of torque — using a Hydra-Matic 6T45 six-speed

The 2011 Regal manufactured in North America was offered in a single trim level, marketed as CXL, offered with two engine choices and seven option packages. Buick had planned to offer a lower-level trim called CX with cloth seats and a higher level trim called CXS, but those trim levels were not offered.^[59]

CXL Turbo

The CXL Turbo comes equipped with a

At the 2010 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, GM showed a concept GS version of the Regal based on the Opel Insignia OPC and the Vauxhall Insignia VXR. The concept featured a 2.0L, 270 hp (201 kW), 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) high-output DOHC I4 turbocharged Ecotec engine, a 6-speed manual transmission and all-wheel drive.

The production GS left most of the concept specifications intact, but is front-wheel drive.^[61] The GS features Buick's Interactive Drive Control System with GS mode, a choice of an FGP Germany F40-6 six-speed manual or Aisin AF-40 (G2) six-speed automatic transmission, high performance brakes with Brembo front calipers and high performance strut (HiPerStrut) front suspension. 19 inch wheels were offered standard, with 20 inch forged aluminum wheels available as an option.^[62] The production version is equipped with GS-only high-output version of the Ecotec 2.0L turbo engine with 270 hp (201 kW) at 5300 rpm and 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) of torque at 2400 rpm. The GM LHU engine used in the GS trim makes 135 hp per liter - Buick's highest specific output ever.^[63] The GS has a quoted 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) time of 6.7 seconds (Motor Trend achieved 6.3 seconds) and a quarter mile time of 14.9 seconds.^[64] The GS went on sale in fall 2011 as a 2012 model.^[61][65]

The eAssist system adds a lithium-ion battery housed in the trunk, along with regenerative braking, engine stop/start, fuel cut-off, grille louvres that close at speed, underbody panels and low-rolling resistance tires. The eAssist system adds up to 15 hp (11 kW) to the standard 2.4L Ecotec engine during acceleration. Fuel economy for the Regal with eAssist is estimated at 26 mpg_‑US (9.0 L/100 km; 31 mpg_‑imp) city, 37 mpg_‑US (6.4 L/100 km; 44 mpg_‑imp) highway.[68]

2014 Update

GM presented an updated 2014 Regal at the

For mode lyear 2014, safety features included forward collision warning, lane-departure warning, blind-spot monitoring, rear cross-traffic alert, and a following-distance indicator. The foregoing are all part of a Driver Confidence package, while collision preparation, which pre-loads the brake system ahead of an imminent collision, and adaptive cruise control are available separately.^[69]

Sixth generation (2018)

On April 4, 2017, GM presented the sixth-generation 2018 Buick Regal at the GM Design Dome in Warren, Michigan; sales of the model line began in China on July 21, 2017.^[72] In line with the previous generation, the Regal was developed by Opel in Germany as a counterpart of the Opel/Vauxhall Insignia, with Australia and New Zealand receiving the model line as the Holden ZB Commodore. Production of the American-market Regal moved from GM Canada to Opel in Rüsselsheim. Both the liftback and the wagon were shared with the Insignia and the Commodore.

Regal Sportback

• 
  Buick Regal Sportback (US)

Regal Sportback was offered as a fastback 5-passenger, 5-door liftback sedan, incorporating a hatchback within a sedan profile with additional cargo room and flexibility. Though larger in size than its predecessor, the Sportback weighed 300–500 lb (136–227 kg) less than the previous-generation Regal sedan.^[73]

The Sportback was available with either front- or all-wheel drive. Powered by the

The Sportback bodystyle was offered in 1SV (base), Preferred, Essence, Avenir, and GS trims.

Regal TourX

• 
  Buick Regal TourX (US)
• 
  Buick Regal TourX (US)

The Regal TourX 5-door station wagon, a Buick version of the Opel/Vauxhall Insignia Country Tourer, was introduced along with the Sportback. The first Regal station wagon in 35 years, the TourX was the first Buick station wagon since the retirement of the Roadmaster and Century Estates after 1996.

Sized between the Subaru Outback and the Volvo V90 wagons, the TourX was styled with standard dark-gray plastic body cladding. While offered with standard all-wheel drive, the model was not branded as an off-road vehicle, but as a sportier touring vehicle. With 73.5 cubic feet of cargo space (matching the Outback), the TourX held the most cargo of any Buick vehicle (with the exception of the three-row Buick Enclave).

Sharing its engine with the Sportback, the TourX was fitted with a LTG turbocharged 2.0-liter inline-4, providing 250 hp (186 kW) and 295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) with an eight-speed automatic transmission.^[71]

The TourX was offered with 1SV (base), Preferred, and Essence trims (not offering the Avenir and GS versions).

GS

• 
  2019 Buick Regal GS Sportback (US)
• 
  2019 Buick Regal GS Sportback (US)

Carried over from the previous generation, the Regal GS returned as a performance-oriented version of the Regal Sportback. Several revisions were made to the option package, as the previous LTG engine was replaced by a 310-horsepower (231 kW) 3.6 liter LGX V6 (shared with the Commodore VXR); the 6-speed manual and automatic transmissions were replaced by a 9-speed automatic. To accommodate the extra power, all-wheel drive was made standard.

Externally, the GS was distinguished by its own front fascia and grille and was fitted with its own instrument panel and front seats.

Discontinuation

In December 2019, General Motors announced that it would stop importing the Buick Regal for North America after the 2020 model year.

sport utility vehicles

(SUVs).

Alongside shifting consumer tastes, the discontinuation of the Regal in North America was also influenced by the sale of Opel and Vauxhall to PSA Group. While the latter did not operate in North America in 2017, at the end of 2019, PSA Group acquired FCA, which created Stellantis (the current parent company of Chrysler in North America).

In China, SAIC-GM continues to produce the Opel-designed Regal sedan, slotted between the Verano and LaCrosse sedans; the standard Regal and Regal GS underwent a model update for 2021.

• 
  2021 Buick Regal (China; first facelift)
• 
  Buick Regal GS (China; first facelift)
• 
  Buick Regal GS (China; first facelift)
• 
  2023 Buick Regal (China; second facelift)

In July 2023, the Regal received a second facelift, which now adopts Buick's new Pure Design philosophy and new corporate emblem. Despite this, only the front bumper was changed to bring the car in line with Buick's Pure Design lineup. The rest of the exterior, the interior, and powertrain remains the same.^[76]

Sales

Calendar year	United States	China	Canada
2009	N/A	80,401	N/A
2010	12,326	79,358	820
2011	40,144	78,844	2,846
2012	26,383	85,440	1,767
2013	18,685	86,050	740
2014	22,560	111,245	816
2015	19,504	110,637	968
2016	19,833	69,300	841
2017	11,559	61,619	662
2018	14,118	100,378
2019	10,363	123,587
2020	2,484	135,877
Total	197,959	1,060,366	9,460

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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buick Regal.

• Official website – China (in Chinese)