CUGBP1

CUG triplet repeat, RNA binding protein 1, also known as CUGBP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CUGBP1 gene.^[3][4][5]

Function

Members of the

Evidence for CUGBP1 acting as a RNA degradation factor came first from the Xenopus model. Xenopus CUGBP1 (xCUGBP1, formerly known as EDEN-BP) was identified in 1998^[8] for its ability to bind specifically to a GU-rich element (Embryonic deadenylation element EDEN) located in the 3'UTRs of some mRNAs that are rapidly deadenylated and translationally repressed after fertilization in early development. Because deadenylation is often the rate limiting step of mRNA degradation the enhancement of deadenylation increases mRNA turnover.^[9]

Human CUGBP1 (hCUGBP1) had been previously identified by Timchenko and colleagues^[4] for its ability to bind to CUG repeats located in the DMPK 3'UTR. A large amount of work has since described the role of hCUGBP1 on control of alternative splicing and will not be discussed here.^[10] The demonstration that hCUGBP1 is involved in the control of mRNA deadenylation and instability like xCUGBP1 came next. In mammalian cell extract as well as in xenopus egg extracts, depletion and rescue experiments showed that specific binding of CUGBP1 to the 3'UTR of mRNA is required for the targeted specific deadenylation to occur.^[11] In rescue experiments in xenopus egg extracts, the recombinant human protein can replace the xenopus one making them functional homolog.^[12] Furthermore, the Poly(A) ribonuclease PARN was shown to interact with CUGBP1.^[13] In human cells, tethering of hCUGBP1 to a mRNA decreases its steadystate suggesting the destabilization of the mRNA.^[14] The first human mRNA reported to be targeted to rapid deadenylation and degradation by CUGBP1 is the oncogene c-jun. Years ago, it was shown that the class III ARE (devoid of any AUUUA motif) of the human c-jun oncogene directed rapid deadenylation and degradation to a reporter mRNA.^[15] Both xCUGBP1 and hCUGBP1 were shown to specifically bind to c-jun ARE.^[11] The binding of CUGBP1 to the 3'UTR of mRNAs bearing GU-rich element would target these mRNAs for rapid deadenylation by PARN and subsequent degradation. This was recently demonstrated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of hCUGBP1 that led to stabilization of a reporter RNA bearing the c-jun UG -rich ARE.^[16]

UGU(G/A) tetranucleotides are key determinants of the binding site for xCUGBP1. A

Immunoprecipitation of the CUGBP1 containing complexes has led Graindorge et al. to propose a 15 nt motif as a key determinant of CUGBP1 binding.^[18] Such a motif is found in a number of unstable mRNAs in human cells^[16] suggesting that they are degraded by a CUGBP1 deadenylation dependent pathway.

References