Caltha introloba

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Caltha introloba
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Caltha
Species:
C. introloba
Binomial name
Caltha introloba
F.Muell., 1855
Synonyms[1]
  • Psychrophila introloba
  • C. novae-zelandiae var. introloba
  • C. phylloptera

Caltha introloba, commonly known as the alpine marsh-marigold is a small (during flowering 1–2 cm high) hairless, perennial alpine herb, that is endemic to the alpine regions of Australia and Tasmania.

Description

The alpine marsh-marigold is a small hairless,

carpels. When ripe, these have developed into follicles which are spreading, have short beaks and contain few seeds. Flowering occurs between November and December, often directly from under the receding snow.[2]

Distribution

Caltha introloba is known from Victoria, New South Wales and Tasmania where it grows in alpine fields. It occurs on the slopes of Mt Kosciusko and is locally common in spots with late-lying snow and between moss on the high ranges, such as Baw Baws, Snowy Range, Mt Buffalo, Bogong and Dargo High Plains. Usually flowering at edges of receding snow drifts.[3]

Ecology

Caltha introloba occurs in Victoria with Brachyscome tadgellii, Carex gaudichaudiana, Carpha nivicola, Drosera arcturi, Oreobolus distichus and Schoenus calyptratus.[4] Flower buds start growing in the middle of the southern summer (January) and have fully developed when fresh snow no longer melts away in May. Mostly the flowers open after the October snow melt, and some flowers open under the snow cover if this persists unto mid-November. Seeds usually have completely developed at the end of summer (February). In an experiment, flower formation is triggered by long days and strong light. Another experiment showed that flowers will only open after a cold period, probably a mechanism to prevent premature opening in autumn.[5] Seeds of Caltha introloba in another experiment were shown to germinate best between 22 and 27 °C, with a delay of 40–60 days, and hardly between 0 and 15 °C. However, after four months at 1–2 °C, germination below 15 °C was much faster and better. Seeds of C. introloba shed in the summer are thus unlikely to germinate before the snow melts in the following spring. Growth and photosynthesis are best around 15 °C, which is near the mean maximum temperature during summer in the alpine conditions this species is growing. Photosynthesis did also occur at 0 °C and the growing season probably includes the entire period the plants are not covered by snow.[6]

References

  1. ^ Petra G. Smit (1973). "A Revision of Caltha (Ranunculaceae)". Blumea. 21: 119–150. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
  2. ^ B.G. Briggs & R.O. Makinson. "Psychrophila introloba". plantnet. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  3. ^ Alison Kellow, Michael Bayly & Pauline Ladiges. "Psychrophila introloba". Grimwade Plant Collection. University of Melbourne – School of Botany. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  4. ^ Aaron Joseph Harvey (2003). Snow patch vegetation of Mount Hotham, Victoria (PDF). Melbourne, Australia: School of Ecology and Environment – Deakin University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  5. doi:10.1071/bt9890275
    . Retrieved 2016-01-19.
  6. doi:10.1071/bt9890291
    . Retrieved 2016-01-19.

External links
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