Camelina

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Camelina
Camelina sativa
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Camelina
Crantz
Species

Camelina is a

oil plant. Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz
was the first botanist to use the genus Camelina in his classification works in 1762.

As a way to reduce fossil fuel emissions, the US Navy tested a 50-50 mix of jet aviation fuel and biofuel derived from camelina seeds in 2010.[1] A study published in December 2016 explained that the current low price of conventional kerosene-based jet fuel makes it cost-prohibitive for commercial airlines to use camelina-based jet fuel. The study said substantial government intervention would be one way to create a market for camelina, by combining 9 percent government subsidy on camelina crop production, with 9 percent tax on conventional fuel.[2]

Etymology

The name Camelina comes from the Greek for "ground" and "flax", alluding to its being a weed which suppresses the vigour of flax crops.[3]

Description

Camelina plants are

racemes, and yellowish colored. The seeds are formed in dehiscent siliques.[4]

Genetics

The first full genome sequence for Camelina sativa was released on 1 August 2013, by a Canadian research team. The genome sequence and its annotation are available in a genome viewer format and enabled for sequence searching and alignment.[5] Technical details of Camelina's genome sequence were published on 23 April 2014 in the academic journal Nature Communications.[6]

In 2013, Rothamsted Research in the UK reported they had developed a genetically modified form of Camelina sativa that produced Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) at levels equivalent to fish oil.[7] EPA and DHA are long-chain omega-3 fatty acids which are beneficial for cardiovascular health. The main source of these omega-3 fatty acids is fish but supplies are limited and unsustainable.[8][9] In October 2023, Yield10 Bioscience acquired an exclusive commercial license for the Rothansted's EPA/DHA Camelina.[10] In January 2024, Yield10 requested a Regulatory Status Review from USDA-APHIS for the modified Camelina.[11]

Species

Four common species are presented below. However, at least two databanks indicate more species may exist.[12]

Biodiesel

Biodiesel made from camelina has a variety of benefits. First, traditional petroleum or diesel fuel is not renewable resources, the production of these resources is finite. Camelina biodiesel, however, is a renewable resource. Camelina based aviation fuel could save 84% of carbon emissions.[14] Camelina biodiesel can be produced in large quantities as feedstocks are enough. Moreover, camelina biodiesel can reduce a country's dependence on fossil resources, which can ensure a country's energy security. In addition, camelina biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel, and it is biodegradable.[15] The greenhouse gas emission of camelina biodiesel produced by no-till farming is lower than that of traditional methods.[16]

References

  1. ^ "From Seed to Supersonic" (PDF). Currents. Winter 2011. US Navy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
  2. ^ "Camelina oil could be economically feasible as source of commercial jet fuel, new OSU analysis shows". Oregon State University Extension and Agricultural Research News. 2017-02-17. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Attractions, Western Australian Herbarium, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and. "FloraBase—the Western Australian Flora". florabase.dec.wa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-03-28. Retrieved 2012-12-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "Plantes et botanique – le genre Camelina". Plantes et botanique. 27 May 2020.
  5. ^ Camelina sativa Genome Project http://www.camelinadb.ca/index.html Archived 1 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  6. PMID 24759634
    .
  7. PMID 24308505
    .
  8. ISBN 978-3805576406
    , Page 34
  9. ^ Coghlan, Andy (4 January 2014) "Designed plant oozes vital fish oils"' New Scientist, Page 12, also available on the Internet at [1] Archived 1 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "Yield10 Bioscience Exercises Option to Finalize an Exclusive, Global Commercial License to Advanced Omega-3 Camelina Technology from Rothamsted Research". Yahoo Finance. 18 October 2023.
  11. ^ "Yield10 Bioscience Files Request for Regulatory Status Review with USDA-APHIS for Camelina Designed to Produce the EPA and DHA Components of Omega-3 Oil". Morningstar, Inc. 8 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Camelina – The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Archived from the original on 2019-06-10. Retrieved 2012-12-12.
  13. ^ Österreichische botanische Zeitschrift (in German). Springer-Verlag. 1891. p. 123. Retrieved 18 May 2021. Die zweite interessante Crucifere ist Camelina rumelica Velen., welche ich schon im Jahre 1887 aus Bulgarien beschrieben und abgebildet habe.
  14. ^ "Camelina jet fuel could cut carbon emissions by 84 percent". phys.org. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
  15. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.073
    .
  16. S2CID 135275011
    .
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