Capture of Bacharach

Capture of Bacharach
	Part of the Electorate of the Palatinate; (present-day Germany)
Result	Spanish victory

Belligerents

Palatinate

SpainCommanders and leaders

Frederick V

Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba

Strength 2,500–5,000^[1]Casualties and losses 3 dead and 3 wounded^[2]

The Capture of Bacharach took place on 1 October 1620 at

Ambrosio Spinola, the Spanish general in command, assessed at a council of war the choice between undertaking the siege of Heidelberg or, secondarily, the town of Bacharach.^[5] The Spanish officers decided to take Bacharach due to the small number of Frederick's scattered forces.^[6] On 1 October Córdoba captured Bacharach with a force of 2,500 soldiers, forcing the Anglo-German defenders to surrender.^[3]

Background

After securing stores of food and ammunition through the

Diego Felípez de Guzmán, and Hendrik van den Bergh.^[5] There was talk of marching on Heidelberg, Frankenthal, or Bacharach, but finally Spinola decided to opt for Bacharach.^[6]

Bacharach was an important strategic point because it was a bridgehead over the

Moselle in Kerpen to support Frederick V.^[7]

Spinola, ignoring the entity of Vere's forces, composed of Dutch, English, and Scottish volunteers sent by King

James I of England,^[8] decided to move with his army to the west bank of the Rhine and await the Protestant forces. With his attention centered on the arrival of the Anglo-Dutch relief, Spinola remained near the road with the bulk of his army, and entrusted the capture of Bacharach to Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba.^[1]

Battle

On 29 September Córdoba marched with his forces and captured

Lorch, forcing the few defenders to surrender.^[2] He had also sent another group of about 2,000 men directly to Bacharach. This group approached the outskirts of Bacharach at about 2 am. With the arrival of the Spaniards, the Protestant soldiers outside the town threw down their muskets and fled into the town.^[2] Córdoba's men then proceeded to build a bulwark behind the town.^{[citation needed}

]

At dawn, the defenders, aided by heavy mist, fired shots of musket, killing three Spaniards and wounding three more.[2] Shortly thereafter the bulk of the forces led by Córdoba arrived. Demoralised by the arrival of the Spanish, the officers of the garrison decided to surrender.^[3] The Spanish troops entered Bacharach at 3 pm. Two captains^[9] and 94 English soldiers, among other German troops, were taken prisoners.^[3]^[10]

Aftermath

Córdoba left a garrison of 300 soldiers in Bacharach and sent most of his troops under the commanders Diego Ruiz and Baltasar de Santander to capture Kaub.^[11] The small garrison of that town soon surrendered. Shortly thereafter, the Spaniards took the Pfalzgrafenstein Castle.^[11] Spinola, meanwhile, focused on intercepting the Anglo-Dutch relief, but the Protestant force did not appear.^[11] The Anglo-Dutch force went instead to Worms unhindered.^[12]

In August 1621, Mainz fell to Spinola's army of 15,000 men, now under the command of Córdoba.^[13] Meanwhile, General Spinola, on his return to the Netherlands where the Eighty Years' War was still going on, lay siege to Jülich, and after five months of siege the city fell to the Spaniards, reversing Maurice's success of 1610.^[13]

Notes

^ ^a ^b Ibarra p.370
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Verdadera Relación p.47
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Hubert Granville Revell Reade: Sidelights on the Thirty Years War p.339
^ ^a ^b ^c Ibarra p.367
^ ^a ^b Ibarra p.366
^ ^a ^b Ibarra p.368
^ Ibarra p.369
^ Pursell p.113
^ English Captains Dexter and Row. Wilson pp. 135–137
^ Wilson p. 135–137
^ ^a ^b ^c Ibarra p.371
^ Ibarra p.373
^ ^a ^b Lawrence p.79