Censorship in the Ancien Régime
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Under the French
At the same time, a privilege in the form of letters patent granted in the
Brochures of up to 48 pages in-12 were the subject of a simple permission granted by the lieutenant general of police of the place.
Object of censorship
Censorship was provided by specialists in a number of areas, from the humanities to the sciences in general. They were appointed by the Chancellor. Their judgment related to the content of the proposed manuscript and not to the form. They could ask the author for some corrections.
History of prior censorship
In 1701, Abbe
Organization of censorship
The royal censors were appointed by the Chancellor, each in his specialty. The Royal Almanac published the list every year.
Main royal censors
- Michel Adanson
- Nicolas Andry de Boisregard
- Charles de Beaumont, knight of Éon
- Pierre Jean Boudot
- Jean-Baptiste-Michel Bucquet
- Joseph Barthélemy-François Carrère
- Charles-Nicolas Cochin the Younger
- Nicolas Cocquelin
- Jean-Marie-Louis Coupé
- Louis Cousin
- Claude Delisle
- Jean-Nicolas Démeunier
- Desfontaines-Lavallée
- Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle
- Augustin François Jault
- Joseph Prunis
- Jean-Louis-Ignace de La Serre
- Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes
- Jean-Étienne Montucla
- Jean-Baptiste Robinet
- Antoine Yart
Theatrical censorship
As early as 1701, the plays were in turn the subject of royal censorship: read before publication by the censors under the authority of the lieutenant general of police, the pieces were authorized either as such and received approval, or with cuts or corrections, when they were not simply prohibited. Voltaire paid the price for his Mohammed (1743), Sedaine for his Deserter (1769); The Barber of Seville and the Marriage of Figaro de Beaumarchais escaped only thanks to the obstinacy of Marie Antoinette.
Theatrical censors
- 1701-1721: Marc-René de Voyer, Marquis of Argenson (1652-1721)
- 1721-1726:?
- 1726-1734: Father Claude Cherrier (1655-1738)
- 1735-1762: Prosper Jolyot of Crebillon (1674-1762)
- 1762-1774: François-Louis Claude Marin 1721-1809)
- 1774-1776: Claude Prosper Jolyot of Crebillon (1707-1777)
- 1776-1777: Louis-Edme Billardon of Sauvigny (1736-1812)
- 1777-1790: Jean Baptiste Antoine Suard (1733-1817)
- 1790-1792: Joly3[3]
- 1804-1815: Jean-Louis Brousse-Desfaucherets, Pierre-Edouard Lemonty, Charles de Lacretelle and Joseph-Alphonse Esmenard
- 1815-1822: Charles-Joseph Loeillard of Avrigny, Pierre-Edouard Lemontey, Charles de Lacretelle and Joseph-Alphonse Esmenard
- 1822-1827: Jacques Honoré de Lourdoueix, Charles de Lacretelle, René Alissan of Chazet, Jean-Louis Laya and Antoine Quatremère of Quincy
- 1827-1830:?
See also
References
- ^ Bibliothèque nationale de France (November 12, 2007). "Livre et censure - Bibliographie" (PDF) (in French). Retrieved August 12, 2014.
- ^ René Pomeau et Jean Ehrard, Littérature française, T.5 de Fénelon à Voltaire, p. 30-34
- Étienne Louis Hector de Joly.
Sources
- Claude-Marin Saugrain, Code of the bookstore and printing of Paris, Paris, at the expense of the Community, 1744.
- Raymond Birn, The Royal Censorship of Books in Enlightenment France, Paris, Odile Jacob, 2007 (ISBN 2-7381-1851-8).
- William Hanley, A biographical dictionary of English censors 1742-1789, Ferney, International Center for the Study of the Eighteenth Century, 2005 (ISBN 978-2-84559031-1)
- Biography of the royal censors, Paris, at the merchants of novelties, 1821.
- Victor Hallays-Dabot, History of theatrical censorship in France, Paris, E. Dentu, 1862.