Ceramic nanoparticle
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Ceramic nanoparticle is a type of
Ceramic nanoparticle were discovered in the early 1980s. They were formed using a process called
In 2014 researchers announced a lasering process involving polymers and ceramic particles to form a nanotruss. This structure was able to recover its original form after repeated crushing.[citation needed]
Ceramic nanoparticles have been used as drug delivery mechanism in several diseases including bacterial infections, glaucoma, and most commonly, chemotherapy deliver in experimental cancer treatment.[2]
Properties
Ceramic nanoparticle have unique properties because of their size and molecular structure. These properties are often shown in terms of various electrical and magnetic physics phenomenons which include:
- Dielectric - An electrical insulator that can be polarized (having electrons aligned so that there is a negative and positive side of the compound) by an electric field to shorten the distance of electron transfer in an electric current
- Ferroelectric - dielectric materials that polarize in more than one direction (the negative and positive sides can be flipped via an electric field)
- Piezoelectric - materials that accumulate an electrical charge under mechanical stress
- Pyroelectric - material that can produce a temporary voltage given a temperature change
- Ferromagnetic - materials that can to sustain a magnetic field after magnetization
- Magnetoresistive - materials that change electrical resistance under an external magnetic field
- Superconductive - materials that exhibit zero electric resistance when cooled to a critical temperature
- Electro-optical- materials that change optical properties under an electric field
Nanotruss
Ceramic nanoparticle is more than 85% air and is very light, strong, flexible and durable. The fractal nanotruss is a nanostructure architecture
Synthesis
Sol-gel
One process for making nanoceramics varies is the
Two-photon lithography
This process uses a laser technique called two-photon lithography to etch out a polymer into a three-dimensional structure. The laser hardens the spots that it touches and leaves the rest unhardened. The unhardened material is then dissolved to produce a "shell". The shell is then coated with ceramic, metals, metallic glass, etc. In the finished state, the nanotruss[5] of ceramic can be flattened and revert to its original state.
Sintering
In another approach
The nanopowder is placed in an insulation box composed of low insulation boards to allow the microwaves to pass through it. The box increases temperature to aid absorption. Inside the boxes are suspectors that absorb microwaves at room temperature to initialize the sintering process. The microwave heats the suspectors to about 600 °C, sufficient to trigger the nanoceramics to absorb the microwaves.
History
In the early 1980s, the first nanoparticles, specifically nanoceramics were formed, using
In 2002, researchers tried to reverse engineer the microstructure of
In 2012 researchers replicated the sea sponge's structure using ceramics
Applications
Medical technology used Ceramic nanoparticle for bone repair. It has been suggested for areas including energy supply and storage, communication, transportation systems, construction and medical technology. Their electrical properties may allow energy to be transferred efficiencies approaching 100%. Nanotrusses may be eventually applicable for building materials, replacing concrete or steel.[8][9]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-953-51-0476-6.
- PMID 26503144.
- ^ Fesenmaier, Kimm. "Ceramics Don't Have To Be Brittle". Caltech. Archived from the original on 14 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
- .
- ^ a b Fesenmaier, Kimm. "Miniature Truss Work". Caltech. Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
- ^ Claire Diop, Julie. "R&D 2002:Nano Ceramics". MIT Technology Review. Retrieved December 1, 2002.
- ^ Fesenmaier, Kimm. "Made-to-Order Materials". Caltech. Archived from the original on 8 September 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
- hdl:10453/4163.
- ^ Ceramic Coating Guide