Iron–platinum nanoparticle

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Iron–platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs) are 3D

Properties

The various properties of iron-platinum nanoparticles allow them to function in multiple ways. In standard conditions, FePt NPs exist in the face-centered cubic phase with a 3 to 10 nanometer diameter.[7] However, once heat is added the structure becomes face-centered tetragonal.

Plant viruses, such as

enables a wider range of biological applications.

Synthesis

Platinum nanoparticles become more chemically stable when alloyed with iron, cobalt, or nickel. The platinum alloys also have a better detection range and catalytic activity than platinum alone.^{[citation needed]} These magnetic metal additions to platinum reduce the overall sensitivity to oxidation while maintaining the desirable magnetic properties.^{[10][unreliable source?]} Combined, FePt nanoparticles can be synthesized for medical applications. One method of synthesis uses incident laser technology to irradiate solutions containing iron and platinum to combine the two alloys. A laser beam is emitted onto a 4:1 mixture of iron (III) acetylacetonate and platinum (II) acetylacetonate dissolved in methanol.^[11] The black precipitates are then washed and dried on silicon substrates to be characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction.

An alternative method of synthesis involves the coreduction of chloroplatinic acid (H₂PtCl₆) and iron (II) chloride in water-in-oil microemulsions.^[3] In this process, the normal face-centered cubic structure is transformed to a face-centered tetragonal configuration, offering a higher density product useful for many storage media applications.

For solid state applications FePt nanoparticles can be synthesised on a substrate by directly co-sputtering Fe and Pt.^[12]

Applications

Magnetic storage

FePt NPs are promising materials for ultra-high density magnetic recording media due to their high

Medicine

Due to their superparamagnetism and controllable shape, size, and surface, iron-platinum nanoparticles have great potential for advancing medicine in many fields, including imagining,

The superparamagnetic properties of the nanoparticles and the systematic method for conjugating ligands to the FePt surface makes them viable vehicles for detection of pathogens such as gram-positive bacteria.^[16] Antibodies for the bacteria conjugated to the FePt NP bind to the bacteria and magnetic dipoles are used to detect the FePt NP-bacteria conjugate. By attaching peptides to the surface of the face-centered cubic FePt NPs, cytotoxic iron can be delivered to specific locations and taken up with high selectivity.^[17] A phospholipid coating of the FCC-FePt prevents Fe release. Once in the cell, the low pH of lysosome’s intracellular environments breaks down the phospholipid bilayer. Fe catalyzed decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into ROSs results in membrane lipid oxidation, damage to DNA and proteins, and tumor death.

References