Charles Eliot (diplomat)
Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hong Kong | |
|---|---|
| In office 1912–1918 | |
| Succeeded by | Prof. G.P. Jordan |
| Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sheffield | |
| In office 1905–1913 | |
| Succeeded by | Herbert Fisher |
| Commissioner of the East Africa Protectorate | |
| In office 30 December 1900 – 20 May 1904 | |
| Preceded by | Arthur Hardinge |
| Succeeded by | Sir Donald Stewart |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 January 1862 Sibford Gower, Oxfordshire |
| Died | 16 March 1931 (aged 69) Strait of Malacca |
| Alma mater | Cheltenham College Balliol College, Oxford |
Sir Charles Norton Edgcumbe Eliot
He was also known as a
.Career
Eliot was born in the village of Sibford Gower near Banbury, Oxfordshire, England and educated at Cheltenham College and Balliol College, Oxford,[3] where he took a double first in classical moderations and Greats, as well as winning the Craven, Ireland and Hertford scholarships. Remarkably, he also won the Boden Sanskrit Scholarship and the Houghton Syriac prize. He was a noteworthy linguist, with a full knowledge of 16 languages and conversant in 20 more.[4]
Eliot served in diplomatic posts in Russia (1885), Morocco (1892), Turkey (1893), and Washington, D.C. (1899). He also served as British Commissioner in Samoa. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1898 Birthday Honours and was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in the New Year honours list 1 January 1900.[5][6]
British East Africa
In 1900, he was appointed commissioner of
British East Africa, and on 1 January 1902 he was appointed Commissioner, Commander-in-Chief and Consul-General for the East Africa Protectorate, including the mainland dominions of the Sultan of Zanzibar, and also as British Agent and Consul-General for the island dominions of the Sultan.[7] In December 1902 he hosted the British colonial secretary (Joseph Chamberlain) during his tour of the African colonies.[8]
In April 1902, the first application for land in British East Africa was made by the
Lake Rudolph, experiencing plenty of privations from want of water, and of the danger from encounters with the Maasai.[10]
In the carrying out of this policy of colonisation a dispute arose between Eliot and
Foreign Secretary. Lansdowne, believing himself bound by pledges given to the East Africa Syndicate, decided that they should be granted the lease of the 500 square miles (1,300 km2) they had applied for; but after consulting officials of the protectorate then in London, he refused Eliot permission to conclude leases for 50 square miles (130 km2) each to two applicants from South Africa. Eliot thereupon resigned his post, and in a public telegram to the prime minister, dated Mombasa, 21 June 1904, gave as his reason:- "Lord Lansdowne ordered me to refuse grants of land to certain private persons while giving a monopoly of land on unduly advantageous terms to the East Africa Syndicate. I have refused to execute these instructions, which I consider unjust and impolitic." On the day Sir Charles sent this telegram, Sir Donald William Stewart, the chief commissioner of Ashanti
(Ghana), was appointed his successor.
University administration
In 1905 Eliot was the first
Vice-Chancellor of the newly created University of Sheffield until 1912 when he was appointed the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Hong Kong; he served there until 1918 when he was recalled to the diplomatic service becoming high commissioner and consul-general in Siberia.[11]
Japan
He was the British Ambassador to Japan in 1920–1926: though the position was not renewed, he stayed in Japan, studying the practice of Buddhism there.Anglo-Japanese alliance in 1923.[11]
Taken ill with influenza, he decided to return to England but died on the journey on 16 March 1931 and was buried at sea in the
Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Sir Charles Eliot, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 106 works in 355 publications in 2 languages and 4,509 library holdings.[12]
- The East Africa Protectorate (1905)
- Turkey in Europe. London: Edward Arnold. 1900. Retrieved 1 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). pp. 734–756, see page 749.
History
- Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch. Vol. I. London: Edward Arnold & Co. 1921. Retrieved 1 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.; Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch. Vol. II. London: Edward Arnold & Co. 1921. Retrieved 1 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.; Hinduism and Buddhism: An Historical Sketch. Vol. III. London: Edward Arnold & Co. 1921. Retrieved 1 October 2018 – via Internet Archive.
- Japanese Buddhism (1935)
- A Finnish Grammar (1890)
- "Letters from the Far East" (1907)
Malacology
- 1900. Notes on tectibranchs and naked mollusks from Samoa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, pp. 512–523, pl. 19.
- 1901. Notes on a remarkable nudibranch from north-west America. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 4(4):163-165.
- 1903. Eliot, C. N. E. (1903). "Notes on some new or little known members of the family Doridiidae". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 5: 331–337.
- 1903a. On some nudibranchs from east Africa and Zanzibar, part II. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1:250-257.
- 1903b. On some nudibranchs from east Africa and Zanzibar. Part III. Dorididae Cryptobranchiatae, I. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2:354-385, pls. 22–24.
- 1904. Eliot, C. N. E. (1904). "On the Doris planata of Alder & Hancock". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 6 (3): 180–181. .
- 1904a. On some nudibranchs from east Africa and Zanzibar. Part V. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2:83-105, pls. 3–4.
- 1904b. On the Doris planata of Alder and Hancock. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 6(3):180-181.
- 1905. Note on Geitodoris planata (Alder & Hancock). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 6(4):186-187.
- 1905a. On some nudibranchs from the Pacific, including a new genus, Chromodoridella. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 6(4):229-238.
- 1905b. Notes on two rare British nudibranchs, Hero formosa, var. arborescens, and Staurodoris maculata. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 6(4):239-243.
- 1905c. On some nudibranchs from east Africa and Zanzibar. Part VI. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2:268-298, pls. 16–17.
- 1905d. Eliot, Charles (1906). "XXII.—The Nudibranchiata of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 41 (3): 519–532. S2CID 82422085.
- 1905f. Nudibranchs from the Indo-Pacific. I. Notes on a collection dredged near Karachi and Maskat. Journal of Conchology 11(8):237-256.
- 1906. The genus Doriopsilla Bergh. Journal of Conchology 11(12):366-367.
- 1906a. On the nudibranchs of southern India and Ceylon, with special reference to the drawings by Kelaart and the collections belonging to Alder and Hancock preserved in the Hancock Museum at Newcastle upon Tyne. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 636–691, pls. 42–47.
- 1906b. On the nudibranchs of southern India and Ceylon, with special reference to the drawings by Kelaart and the collections belonging to Alder and Hancock preserved in the Hancock Museum at Newcastle upon Tyne.—No. 2. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 999–1008.
- 1906c. Notes on some British nudibranchs. Journal of the Marine Biological Association, new series, 7(3):333-382, pls. 11–12.
- 1906d. Report upon a collection of Nudibranchiata from the Cape Verde Islands, with notes by C. Crossland. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 7(3):131-159, pl. 14.
- 1906e. Nudibranchiata, with some remarks on the families and genera and description of a new genus, Doridomorpha, pp. 540–573, pl. 32. In: J. Stanley Gardiner (Ed.) The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being the account of the work carried on and of the collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900, vol. 2.
- 1907. Nudibranchs from the Indo-Pacific. III. Journal of Conchology 12(3):81-92.
- 1907a. Nudibranchs from New Zealand and the Falkland Islands. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 7(6):327-361, pl. 28.
- 1907b. Mollusca. IV. Nudibranchiata. National Antarctic Expedition 1901–1904. Natural History 2:1-28, 1 pl.
- 1908. Eliot, Charles (1908). "On the Genus Cumanotus". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 8 (3): 313–314. S2CID 88246866.
- 1908a. Eliot, Charles (1908). "Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea.-XI. Notes of a Collection of Nudibranchs from the Red Sea". Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology. 31 (204): 86–122. .
- 1909. Report on the nudibranchs collected by Mr. James Hornell at Okhamandal in Kattiawar in 1905–6. In: Report to the government of Baroda on the marine zoology of Okhamandal 1:137-145.
- 1909a. Notes on a collection of nudibranchs from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica. Colombo 6(23):79-95.
- 1909b. The Nudibranchiata of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of S. Y. "Scotia" during the years 1902, 1903, and 1904, under the leadership of William S. Bruce, Volume V—Zoology, Part II, Nudibranchiata, pp. 11–24.
- 1910. Eliot, Charles N. E. (1910). "No. XVI.-NUDIBRANCHS COLLECTED BY Mr. STANLEY GARDINER FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN IN H.M.S. SEALARK". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. 2nd Series: Zoology. 13 (3): 411–438. .
- 1910a. "Notes on Nudibranchs from the Indian Museum". Records of the Indian Museum. 5: 247–252. 1910. S2CID 160586167.
- 1910b. On some nudibranchs from the coast of Natal. Annals of the Natal Museum 2:221- 225.
- 1910d. A monograph of the British nudibranchiate Mollusca: with figures of the species. pt. VIII (supplementary). Figures by the late Joshua Alder and the late Albany Hancock, and others, pp. 1–198, pls. 1–8. Ray Society, London.
- 1911. Chromodorids from the Red Sea, collected and figured by Mr. Cyril Crossland. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, pp. 1068–1072, pl. 61.
- 1912. A note on the rare British nudibranch Hancockia eudactylota Gosse. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, p. 770, pl. 85.
- 1913. Japanese nudibranchs. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University Tokyo 35:1-47, pls. 1–2.
- 1916. Mollusca Nudibranchiata. In: Fauna of the Chilka Lake. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 5:375-380.
- 1916a. Zoological results of a tour in the far east. Mollusca Nudibranchiata. Memoirs Asiatic Society Bengal 6
- with T. J. Evans. 1908. Doridoeides gardineri: a doridiform cladohepatic nudibranch. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 52(2):279-299, pls. 15–16.
Species
The World Register of Marine Species mentions 119 marine taxa named by Charles Eliot.[13] Eliotia Vayssière, 1909, a nudibranch genus was named after him.
Species described by Charles Eliot include:
- Acanthodoris falklandica Eliot, 1907
- Bathydoris hodgsoni Eliot, 1907
- Bornella simplex Eliot, 1904
- Ceratophyllidia africana Eliot, 1903
- Cerberilla africana Eliot, 1903
- Chelidonura punctata Eliot, 1903
- Chelidonura varians Eliot, 1903
- Chromodoris africana Eliot, 1904
- Chromodoris cavaeEliot, 1904
- Chromodoris inconspicua Eliot, 1904
- Chromodoris splendens Eliot, 1904
- Crosslandia viridis Eliot, 1902
- Cuthona henriciEliot, 1916
- Doridomorpha gardineriEliot, 1903
- Doto antarctica Eliot, 1907
- Doto oscura Eliot, 1906
- Elysia chilkensis Eliot, 1916
- Elysia hendersoni Eliot, 1899
- Elysia japonica Eliot, 1913
- Ercolania zanzibarica Eliot, 1903
- Geitodoris reticulata Eliot, 1906
- Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904
- Halgerda willeyi Eliot, 1904
- Lomanotus vermiformis Eliot, 1908
- Marionia levis Eliot, 1904
- Marionia viridescens Eliot, 1904
- Miamira magnifica Eliot, 1904
- Notaeolidia depressa Eliot, 1905
- Notaeolidia gigas Eliot, 1905
- Platydoris pulchra Eliot, 1904
- Sclerodoris coriacea Eliot, 1904
- Sclerodoris minor Eliot, 1904
- Sclerodoris tuberculata Eliot, 1904
- Thordisa burnupi Eliot, 1910
- Tritoniella belli Eliot, 1907
See also
- List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Japan
- Anglo-Japanese relations
- Buddhism in Japan
- Edward Carlyon Eliot
- Charles William Eliot
Notes
- ^ Nussbaum, "Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe," p. 174, p. 174, at Google Books; Ian Nish. (2004). British Envoys in Japan 1859–1972, pp. 114–122.
- Southern China, 1977-2001: Proceedings of an International Workshop Reunion Conference, Hong Kong, 21–26 October 2001. Hong Kong University Press, 2003.
- ^ "Eliot, Charles Norton Edgecumbe". Alumni oxoniensis. Vol. 2. J. Parker. 1891. p. 418.
- ^ Winckworth, Ronald. (1931). "Obituary. Sir Charles Eliot, 1862–1931," Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 224–226.
- ^ "No. 27154". The London Gazette. 16 January 1900. p. 285.
- ^ Saruni Oitesoi ole-Ngulay (8 June 1996). "AFRICA TWO GREAT EVILS: "SOIL EROSION AND SOUL EROSION" PRESSURE ON CUSTOMARY INSTITUTIONS FOR COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES MANAGEMENT": 10.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "No. 27403". The London Gazette. 4 February 1902. p. 709.
- ^ "Mr. Chamberlain′s Journey". The Times. No. 36957. London. 22 December 1902. p. 5.
- hdl:10535/5561. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
- ^ Fergusson, W.N. (1911). Adventure, Sport and Travel on the Tibetan Steppes, p. preface. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, accessed 6 August 2011
- ^ WorldCat Identities Archived 30 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine: Eliot, Charles
- ^ WoRMS: Marine taxa nemed by Charles Eliot
References
- Winckworth, Ronald. (1931). "Obituary. Sir Charles Eliot, 1862–1931," Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 19(5): 224–226.
- J. R. le B. Tomlin, 1931. Obituary notice: Sir Charles Eliot. Journal of Conchology 19(5): 145
- A. Vayssière, 1932. Nécrologie. Sir Charles Eliot. Journal de Conchyliologie 76(2): 139–142.
- G. B. Sansom & J. M. Hussey, 2004. Eliot, Sir Charles Norton Edgcumbe. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 18: 49–50.
- ISBN 9781901903515; OCLC 249167170
External links
- Works by Charles Eliot at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Charles Eliot at Internet Archive
- Works by Charles Eliot at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- UK in Japan, Chronology of Heads of Mission
- National Archives, Eliot, Charles Norton Edgcumbe
