Ching Nan Shrine
Ching Nan Jinja Chinnan Shrine 鎮南神社 | |
---|---|
Religion | |
Affiliation | Shinto |
Deity | Amaterasu |
Type | Shinto shrine |
Location | |
Location | Malang, East Java, Indonesia |
Geographic coordinates | 7°57′34.074″S 112°37′12.8316″E / 7.95946500°S 112.620231000°E |
Architecture | |
Date established | March 1943 |
Destroyed | August 1945 |
Glossary of Shinto |
Ching Nan Jinja (鎮南神社, Chinnan Jinja, lit. "Chinnan Shrine")
If it were still standing, it would be one of the biggest Shinto shrines in Indonesia, second only to the Hirohara shrine (now housing the Medan Club in Medan),[3][4] and the southernmost Shinto shrine in Asia.[5]
Location
The location of the shrine has long been a subject of discussion among historians and cultural heritage observers in Malang as no remnants of the shrine were recovered or noted. It is suspected that it was located in and around the former Malang racetrack, now transformed into a school and residential area;[5] the other being the site of the current building of the Health Polytechnic (Poltekkes) of Malang. Another possibility lies in Bengawan Solo Street.[6]
In 2017, through extensive research by researchers from
Though historian, Tjahjana Indra Kusuma, challenges this positioning by basing his references from a 1943–1944 Allied Geographical Section map. The map in question locates Malang's 'Ching Nan' shrine near State Islamic High School No. 2 (MAN 2) of Malang, and possibly within the vicinity of Untung Suropati Heroes Cemetery.[8] Nieuwe Courant's publishing also denotes the location being beside a cemetery.[9][10] This is in line with what is shown on an archival picture (shelved by the Nationaal Archief) of the former shrine being located near the cemetery and on an incline with a road visible behind it.[11] In the same photo, cypress vegetation is visible in the background of the group photo featuring Japanese soldiers and Indonesian armed militia on guard. In other old photos of Malang, where only cypress vegetation is depicted, cypress trees were intentionally planted by the Malang Gemeente on Daendels Boulevard/Tugu area. These trees remain in a row until now only around the Untung Suropati Heroes Cemetery.[9]
Thus contrary to earlier assumptions, it is now believed that the shrine was not situated directly on the Racecourse, but the north of the
History
The shrine, referred to as a "Djinja" at the time, was constructed in 1944. Initially, the Military Administration Headquarters (Japanese: 軍政本部, romanized: Gunsei Honbu) did not approve the construction of the shrine. However, the local military administration proceeded with its construction on its own initiative,[5] following the suggestion of General Tanaka,[11][12] a prominent figure known for his anti-European sentiment and strong support for the Greater Asian system. The construction was overseen by a renowned Japanese architect.[12]
According to the analysis by Tjahjana Indra Kusuma of the Nationaal Archief picture, the torii is estimated to be over 8 meters high, 7.5 meters wide, with a diameter of 50‒60 cm. The shrine building's roof ridge is estimated to be 14‒15 meters high from ground level. The apparent width of the haiden ranges from 18.5‒19 meters. No statues of Komainu, mythological dog-lion-like creatures used to ward off evil energy or intent, are present on the entrance of the site.[9]
The shrine, made from exceptional old
During one of these events, Nieuwe Courant reported that visiting German representatives such as
Destruction
With Japan's capitulation on August 15, 1945, Japanese soldiers dismantled and completely burned down the shrine, ending its existence.[3] Possibly in fear of its desecration.[11][5][12]
Notes
- ^ Whilst the correct terminology would be Chinnan, Indonesian sources writes it as Ching Nan due to common usage and Indonesian spelling.
References
- ^ a b Dimas, Ardian (2021-09-04). "Menelusuri Keberadaan Ching Nan Jinja di Malang". Ngalam Wearemania. Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ a b c Dendy (2017-03-17). "Malang Gudang Sejarah Belanda dan Jepang". Jurnalis Malang. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ ISSN 2432-549X.
- ^ Hani Ritonga, Rechtin (23 January 2023). Prasandi, Ayu (ed.). "Dibeli Pemprov Sumut, Medan Club Sudah Ditetapkan Sebagai Cagar Budaya oleh Pemko Medan". Tribun-medan.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-09-27.
- ^ ISBN 978-4-336-06342-7. Archived from the originalon 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ a b Taufik (12 March 2017). "Malang Beritaku: Sejarawan Jepang Telusuri Jejak Kuil Shinto di Kota Malang". Malang Beritaku. Archived from the original on 2019-01-09. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ a b Akaibara (10 July 2017). "Pernah Ada Kuil Shinto di Kota Malang". Archived from the original on 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ Allied Geographical Section (5 September 1945). "Malang : Town plan". Monash Collections Online. Map no. 36A. Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ a b c Budiman, Achmad (2023-10-10). "Misteri Letak Kuil Shinto (Jinja) Chiang Nan, Malang". Anjani. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
- ^ "Japanse Tempel te Malang". Nieuwe Courant (29 ed.). Surabaya. 29 August 1947. p. 3.
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: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ from the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-08-02.
- ^ a b c d e f Kusuma, Tjahjana Indra (2021-06-02). "Misteri Kuil Shinto (Jinja) Chiang Nan Malang". Terakota (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-08-01.
- ^ "Sejarah" (PDF). Universitas Negeri Malang.
- ^ Wearemania, Ngalam (2021-08-20). "Sejarah Nama Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)". Ngalam Wearemania (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-01-23.
See also
- Hirohara Shrine – Last still standing Shinto shrine in Southeast Asia
- Syonan Shrine – Shinto shrine in Singapore with a similar fate
- Rumah Tinggi Shrine – Shinto Kami shine on Christmas Island
- Japanese migration to Indonesia