Sōja shrine

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Sōjagū [ja] in Sōja, Okayama, where 304 kami of Bitchu Province are collectively worshipped

Sōja (総社) is a type of Shinto shrine where the kami of a region are grouped together into a single sanctuary. This "region" may refer to a shōen, village or geographic area, but is more generally referred to a whole province. The term is also occasionally called "sōsha". The sōja are usually located near the provincial capital established in the Nara period under then ritsuryō system, and can either be a newly created shrine, or a designation for an existing shrine. The "sōja" can also be the "ichinomiya" of the province, which themselves are of great ritual importance.[1]

Whenever a new kokushi was appointed by the central government to govern a province, it was necessary for him to visit all of the sanctuaries of his province in order to complete the rites necessary for ceremonial inauguration. Grouping the kami into one location near the capital of the province greatly facilitated this duty,[2]

The first mention of "sōja" appeared in the Heian period, in the diary of Taira no Tokinori, dated March 9, 1099 in reference to the province of Inaba. [3]

The name "Sōja" is also found in place names such as the city of Sōja in Okayama Prefecture.

Rokusho shrine (six place) is a very common Soja shrine name[3].: 601 

Provincial Soja Shrines

Region Province Shrine Location
Engishiki Jinmyocho
Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines Beppyo?
Kinai Yamashiro unknown
Yamato unknown Takatori, Nara
Kawachi Shikiagatanushi Shrine [ja]
Fujiidera, Osaka
Shikinai Taisha
Son-sha
Izumi Izumi Inoue Shrine [ja] Izumi, Osaka Fuken-sha
Settsu Nanba Shrine [ja; de; fr; simple][a] Fuken-sha
Tōkaidō Iga Province unknown
Ise Inatomi Shrine [ja] Suzuka, Mie Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha
Miyake Shrine [ja] Suzuka, Mie Shikinai Shosha Son-sha
Shima Kokufu Shrine [ja] Shima, Mie Son-sha
Owari Owari Ōkunitama Shrine
Inazawa, Aichi
Shikinai Shosha
Kokuhei Shōsha
Yes
Mikawa Mikawa Sōja [ja] Toyokawa, Aichi Ken-sha
Tōtōmi Ōmikunitama Shrine [ja] Iwata, Shizuoka Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha
Suruga Shizuoka Sengen Shrine (Kambe Junja) Shizuoka, Shizuoka Shikinai Shosha Kokuhei Shōsha Yes
Izu Mishima Taisha[b] Mishima, Shizuoka
Kanpei Taisha
Kai Kaina Shrine 1st location [ja]
Fuefuki, Yamanashi
Shikinai Shosha Son-sha
Kaina Shrine 2nd location [ja]
Fuefuki, Yamanashi
Shikinai Shosha Son-sha
Miyamae-cho Hachimangu [ja] (3rd location) Kōfu, Yamanashi Ken-sha
Sagami Rokusho Shrine [ja]
Ōiso, Kanagawa
Gō-sha
Musashi Ōkunitama Shrine Fuchū, Tokyo
kanpei-shōsha
Yes
Awa Rokusho Shrine [ja] Tateyama, Chiba Unknown
Tsuruya Hachiman Shrine [ja] (2nd location) Tateyama, Chiba Ken-sha
Kazusa Togakushi Shrine Ichihara, Chiba Son-sha
Iigaoka Hachimangu [ja] (2nd location) Ichihara, Chiba Ken-sha
Shimōsa Rokusho Shrine [ja] Ichikawa, Chiba Son-sha
Hitachi Hitachi-no-Kuni Sōshagū Ishioka, Ibaraki Ken-sha
Tōsandō Ōmi unknown
Mino
Nangū Otabi Shrine
Tarui, Gifu Setsumatsusha
Hida Hida Sōja [ja] Takayama, Gifu Ken-sha
Shinano Shinano Omiya Shrine [ja] Ueda, Nagano Ken-sha
Iwa Shrine [ja] (2nd location) Matsumoto, Nagano Son-sha
Kōzuke Sōja Shrine [ja]
Maebashi, Gunma
Ken-sha
Shimotsuke Ōmiwa Shrine (Shimotsuke) [ja]
Tochigi, Tochigi
Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha
Mutsu Mutsu Sōsha-no-miya [ja]
Tagajō, Miyagi
Son-sha
Dewa Rokusho Shrine [ja]
Tsuruoka, Yamagata
Gō-sha
Hokurikudō Wakasa Sō Shrine [ja] Obama, Fukui Son-sha
Echizen Sōja Daijingū [ja] Echizen, Fukui Ken-sha
Kaga Isobe Shrine [ja] Komatsu, Ishikawa Shikinai Shosha Gō-sha
Noto Sōsha [ja] Nanao, Ishikawa Son-sha
Etchū
Keta Shrine[c]
Fuken-sha
Echigo Fuchū Hachiman-gū [ja] Jōetsu, Niigata Unknown
Sado Sōsha Shrine [ja] Sado, Niigata Unknown
San'indō
Tamba
Sō Shrine [ja] Nantan, Kyoto Unknown
Tango Kono Shrine[d]
Kokuhei Chūsha
Tajima Keta Shrine [ja] Toyooka, Hyōgo Shikinai Shosha Gō-sha
Inaba unknown
Hōki Kokuchōri Shrine [ja] (Sōja-daimyōjin) Kurayoshi, Tottori
Shikigeisha [ja; simple
]
Ken-sha
Izumo Rokusho Shrine [ja]
Matsue, Shimane
Ken-sha
Iwami Ikan Shrine [ja] Hamada, Shimane Shikinai Shosha Son-sha
Oki Tamawakasumikoto Shrine [ja] (Sōja-daimyōjin) Okinoshima, Shimane Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha
Araki Shrine Okinoshima, Shimane Son-sha
San'yōdō Harima Itatehyōzu Shrine
Himeji, Hyōgo
Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha Yes
Mimasaka Mimasaka Sōjagū [ja]
Tsuyama, Okayama
Ken-sha
Bizen Bizen-no-Kuni Sōjagū [sv; ja; simple]
Okayama, Okayama
Gō-sha
Bitchū Bitchū-no-kuni Sōjagū [ja] Sōja, Okayama Ken-sha
Bingo Ono Shrine [ja] Fuchū, Hiroshima Unknown
Aki unknown
Take Shrine Fuchū, Hiroshima
Myojin Taisha
Ken-sha
Suō Saba Shrine [ja]
Hōfu, Yamaguchi
Ken-sha
Nagato Sōsha-gū (subshrine of Iminomiya Shrine)
Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi
Setsumatsusha
Wakamiya Shrine [ja]
Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi
Unknown
Nankaidō Kii Fumori Shrine [ja]
Wakayama, Wakayama
Son-sha
Awaji Jūichimyōjin Shrine [ja]
Minamiawaji, Hyōgo
Son-sha
Awa Hachiman Sōsha Ryo Shrine [ja]
Tokushima, Tokushima
Son-sha
Omiwa Shrine [ja]
Tokushima, Tokushima
Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha
Sanuki Sōja Shrine [ja] Sakaide, Kagawa Gō-sha
Iyo Ikanashi Shrine [ja] Imabari, Ehime Shikinai Shosha Son-sha
Tosa Tosa Kokubun-ji Nankoku, Kōchi Gō-sha
Saikaidō Chikuzen unknown
Chikugo Kōra taisha
Kurume, Fukuoka
Kokuhei Taisha
Buzen Sōsha Hachiman-gū [ja] Miyako, Fukuoka Gō-sha
Bungo unknown
Hizen unknown
Higo Kitaoka Shrine [sv; ja; simple]
Kumamoto, Kumamoto
Fuken-sha
Hyūga Tsuma Shrine [fr; ja; simple] Saito, Miyazaki Shikinai Shosha Ken-sha
Ōsumi Haraido Shrine [ja] Kirishima, Kagoshima Son-sha
Satsuma
Shukō Shrine [ja] subshrine of Nitta Shrine
Satsumasendai, Kagoshima Setsumatsusha
Iki Kō Shrine [ja] Iki, Nagasaki Son-sha
Tsushima unknown
Hokkaido Hakodate Hachimangū
Kokuhei Chūsha

Regional Soja Shrines

Regional Soja Shrines are Soja shrines dedicated to a specific region rather than a whole province. These include

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Theorized identification. No confirmation
  2. ^ Theorized identification. No confirmation
  3. ^ Theorized identification. No confirmation
  4. ^ Theorized identification. No confirmation

References