Choerolophodon

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Choerolophodon
Temporal range:
Ma
Skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Proboscidea
Family:
†Choerolophodontidae
Genus:
†Choerolophodon

Species
  • C. pentelici (Gaudry and Lartet, 1856) (type)
  • C. anatolicus (Ozansoy 1965)
  • C. palaeindicus (Lydekker, 1894)
  • C. corrugatus (Pilgrim, 1913)
  • C. chioticus Tobien, 1980
  • C. guangheensis
    Deng
    , 2011
  • C. ngorora (Maglio, 1974)
  • C. zaltaniensis Gaziry, 1987
Synonyms
  • Mastodon pentelicus Gaudry and Lartet, 1856

Choerolophodon is an extinct genus of proboscidean that lived during the Miocene of Eurasia and Africa. Fossils of Choerolophodon have been found in Africa, Southeast Europe, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and China.[1][2][3][4]

Description

The tusks growing from the upper jaw are long and strongly curved,

bunodont. The half-lophids are chevroned. The accessory conules are multiplied (choerodont), and the enamel is corrugated (ptychodont).[7] The lower jaw has an unusual combination of being long, but lacking tusks/incisors, a trait only shared among proboscideans with the North American gomphothere genera Eubelodon and Gnathabelodon.[8] It has been suggested that instead of teeth, the end of the lower jaw housed a keratinous cutting blade.[9]

Taxonomy

Restoration

Numerous species of Choerolophodon are known: C. pentelicus, C. anatolicus and C. chioticus from

Gomphotheriidae more closely related to each other than either is to Choerolophodon.[12]

Ecology

Dental microwear analysis of specimens from Greece suggest that these individuals were grazers,[10] while mesowear analysis of specimens from East Africa suggest varying browsing and grazing-dominated mixed feeding diets, depending on locality.[13]

Evolution

The genus is first known during the Early Miocene in Africa and South Asia. They subsequently dispersed across Asia and into southeast Europe. The genus became extinct at the end of the Miocene.[7]

Molar

References

  1. ^ Chunxiao Li, Shi-Qi Wang, Dimila Mothé & Xijun Ni (2019) New fossils of early and middle Miocene Choerolophodon from northern China reveal a Holarctic distribution of Choerolophodontidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1618864
  2. ^ Sankhyan, Anek R. and Chavasseau, Olivier. 2018. New proboscidean fossils from Middle Siwaliks of Haritalyangar area, Himachal Pradesh, India. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.15A 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26879/844 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2018/2200-haritalyangar-proboscideans
  3. S2CID 131674259
    .
  4. ^ "Tek parça halinde ve 7.5 milyon yıllık! Kayseri'de bulundu - Habertürk". Haberturk.com (in Turkish). Habertürk. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
  5. S2CID 128764592
    .
  6. ISSN 0891-2963
    .
  7. ^
    S2CID 245023119
    , retrieved 2023-03-25
  8. PMID 26756209
    .
  9. doi:10.1101/2023.08.15.553347
    .
  10. ^ a b George E. Konidaris, George D. Koufos, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos & Gildas Merceron (2016) Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Choerolophodon (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in the Miocene of SE Europe-SW Asia: implications for phylogeny and biogeography, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 14:1, 1-27, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2014.985339
  11. ^ Schlesinger, G., 1917. Die Mastodonten des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Denkschriften des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 1:1-230.
  12. PMID 34988402
    .
  13. PMID 37580434
    .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Choerolophodon&oldid=1193092101"