Christmas (surname)
Christmas is an uncommon English-language surname. The origin is uncertain; some genealogy books state that it was given to people born near Christmas, while this is disputed by researchers, and DNA tests performed on men with the surname show that the majority of those descend from a common ancestor. Others suggest it was given to people who organised Christmas festivities, or has a Norman origin. Most prominent in Southern England, various notable people from around the world have had the surname, and it has been given to a number of fictional characters. The William Faulkner character Joe Christmas, from Light in August, has a much-discussed name. The blood disorder Christmas disease or haemophilia B was first described in (and named for) a boy with the surname and is observed in other people of the name.
Etymology
The linguistic
Origin
There is no certain origin of Christmas as a
Records stating the "one born at Christmas" origin include A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames (1896) by Bardsley[9] and Surnames of the United Kingdom (1912) by Henry Harrison.[10] The earliest record of this origin is in Patronymica Britannica (1860) by Mark Antony Lower, which sources it to speculation by Tudor historian William Camden, stating: "CHRISTMAS, CHRISMAS. Originally imposed, Camden thinks, as a baptismal name, in consequence of the individual having been born on the day of the festival."[11]
In 2005, geneticists in Oxford led by Bryan Sykes found that, of a selection of men with the surname, 70% were descended from one 13th-century Yorkshireman. Henry Christmas traced lineage of the surname; spelt "Chrystmasse" in the earliest records he found, he suggested that it is Norman in origin.[2] In The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States of America (1874), published by Henry Samuel King, the surname is said to be a direct translation of the French surname Noel.[12]
The Dictionary of American Family Names (2003) by Patrick Hanks notes two origins of the surname: given to someone with a relation to Christmas, e.g. a leader of festivities, and a translation of French Noel.[13]
History
The name is principally found in Essex and Sussex counties in England;[2] in Henry B. Guppy's 1890 Homes of Family Names in Great Britain it is described as an "ancient name" in this area, also present in Cambridgeshire, surviving into the 13th century as "Cristemasse". Guppy notes that John Crystmasse was a nobleman of the area in 1433.[14] The name has been recorded with spellings "Cristemass" in 1185 and 1191, and "Cristesmesse" in 1308.[15] The Norman People notes a Richard Christmasse in c.1272.[12] Hanks also noted the name as pertaining to Southern England, but found an established family in County Waterford, Ireland, in 1622.[13]
During the time of James I, Gerard or Garrett Christmas[16] and his sons, John and Matthew, were involved in producing entertainment. They were trained carvers but, thanks to their craft, also staged the Lord Mayor's Show annual pageants for the Lord Mayor of London, with royal approval. Their positions cumulatively lasted for twenty-one years, and their work was well-respected.[17][18] In the 17th century, a Thomas Christmas was a trumpeter in Charles II's court;[19] he and another Christmas from Waterford have their names written as "Christmas" in a royal record printed in 1691, while the celebration itself is written with the spelling "Christmass".[20] A different Thomas Christmas, whose will was dated 1520, was a merchant and major philanthropist in Colchester.[21]
In the 20th century, William Herbert Turner compiled two volumes of Christmas families based in South Carolina and the East Coast of the United States.[22][23]
Christmas disease
The blood disorder haemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease, named after
Notable people with the surname Christmas
- Art Christmas (1905–1961), Canadian jazz saxophonist
- Cecil Christmas (1886–1916), English footballer
- Celestina Christmas (1827–1859), English murderer (as Celestina Sommer)
- Dani Christmas (born 1987), British racing cyclist and former runner
- David Christmas (born 1969), English cricketer
- Demarcus Christmas (born 1995), American football player
- Dionte Christmas (born 1986), American professional basketball player
- Edward A. Christmas (1903–1969), American horse trainer
- Eric Christmas (1916–2000), British actor
- Ernst William Christmas(1863–1918), Australian painter
- George R. Christmas (born 1940), American Marine Corps general
- Henry Christmas (1811–1868), English Anglican priest
- Jarred Christmas (born c. 1980), New Zealand-born British comedian
- John Christmas(born 1969), American former banker and writer
- Johnny Christmas (born 1982), lacrosse player for Philadelphia Wings
- Julie Christmas (born 1975), American heavy metal singer
- Karima Christmas(born 1989), American female professional basketball player
- Keith Christmas (born 1946), English singer songwriter
- Lee Christmas (1863–1924), American mercenary
- Mary Christmas, American magazine editor
- Rakeem Christmas (born 1991), American college basketball player
- Randy Christmas (1920–1969), Mayor of Miami, Florida
- Ruth Christmas (1904–2001), English middle-distance runner
- Stephen Christmas (1947–1993), for whom the blood clotting protein Factor IXwas named
- Steve Christmas (born 1957), American Major League Baseball player
- William Christmas (Kilmallock MP) (1734–1803), Irish politician, MP for Kilmallock 1776–1783
- William Christmas (Waterford MP) (1798–1867), Irish politician, Conservative Party MP for Waterford City
- William Whitney Christmas (1895–1960), American aviation pioneer and designer of the Christmas Bullet aircraft
Fictional characters with the name Christmas
- Lee Christmas, played by Jason Statham, a member of the Expendables in the movie franchise of the same name
- Lloyd Christmas, played by Jim Carrey, one of the main characters in the Dumb and Dumbermovie franchise
- Miss Merry Christmas, member of Baroque Works from the manga series One Piece
- Rev. Tom Christmas, protagonist of C. C. Benison's Father Christmas Mystery series of books
- The Christmas family in 2021 holiday movie Father Christmas Is Back
- An unseen character named U.S. Christmas is referred to in the 1973 movie, Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid
Joe Christmas
Faulkner's character of Joe Christmas has a lot of his identity based on his name. The name had been given to him when he was left at an orphanage on Christmas, but he claims it over the surname of his
See also
- Christmas (disambiguation)
- Christ (surname)
- List of mayors of Waterford, several of whom were named Christmas
- Surnames which mean "Christmas" in other languages:
References
- ^ Fink, Jenni (2019-12-25). "Why is it called Christmas? The origin and meaning of the name explained". Newsweek. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
- ^ a b c d e "DNA search for 'father' Christmas". BBC News. 2005-11-23. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
- ^ Anderson, William (1865). Genealogy and Surnames: With Some Heraldic and Biographical Notices. Ritchie. p. 62.
- ISBN 978-1-317-90146-4.
- ^ a b c Bardsley, Charles W. (1877). "The Romance of the London Directory, Chapter IV. The Bible and Nomenclature". The Fireside annual, pictorial annual; conducted by C. Bullock. pp. 473–475.
- ISBN 978-0-8063-1516-4.
- ISBN 978-90-5183-312-6.
- ISBN 978-0-7735-6741-2.
- ^ Charles Wareing Endell Bardsley (1896). A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames. p. 180.
- OL 17313721M.
- OL 7067015M.
- ^ a b The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States of America. Henry S. King & Company. 1874. p. 198.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-508137-4.
- ^ Guppy, Henry Brougham (1890). Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. Harrison and Sons. p. 84.
- ISBN 978-0-415-05737-0.
- ^ Related text can be found Works related to Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Christmas, Gerard at Wikisource
- JSTOR 2872281.
- OCLC 783148796.
- ISBN 9780809305179.
- ^ King, William (2004). The state of the Protestants of Ireland under the late King James's government in which their carriage towards him is justified, and the absolute necessity of their endeavouring to be freed from his government, and of submitting to their present Majesties is demonstrated. pp. 273–274, 311–312.
- S2CID 144230568.
- ^ Turner, William Herbert (1999). Some Christmas Families. Vol. 1. W.H. Turner.
- ^ Turner, William Herbert (1999). Some Christmas Families. Vol. 2. W.H. Turner.
- PMID 12780784.
- ^ S2CID 76812649.
- PMID 10498242.
- PMID 12997790.
- S2CID 163936514.
- ^ S2CID 144679171.
- ^ Winkleblack, Carole Booker (1976). "Joe Christmas: A Hero in Conflict in Faulkner's Light in August."
- ^ Lamont, W. H. (1957). "The Chronology of "Light in August" ". Modern Fiction Studies, 3 (4): 360.
External links
- Christmas Families Home Page Retrieved April 2, 2013
- Christmas Family History at AncientFaces.com Retrieved April 2, 2013