Computer-integrated manufacturing

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
NIST
2008

Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process.[1][2] This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each part. Manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone by the integration of computers. Typically CIM relies on closed-loop control processes based on real-time input from sensors. It is also known as flexible design and manufacturing.[3]

Overview

  1. Computer-integrated manufacturing is used in
    automotive, aviation, space, and ship building industries.[4]
  2. The term "computer-integrated manufacturing" is both a method of manufacturing and the name of a computer-automated system in which individual engineering, production, marketing, and support functions of a manufacturing enterprise are organized.
  3. In a CIM system functional areas such as
    materials handling
    and management, providing direct control and monitoring of all the operation.

CIM is an example of the implementation of

information and communication technologies
(ICTs) in manufacturing.

CIM implies that there are at least two computers exchanging information, e.g. the controller of an arm robot and a micro-controller.

CIM is most useful where a high level of ICT is used in the company or facility, such as CAD/CAM systems, and the availability of process planning and its data.

History

The idea of "digital manufacturing" became prominent in the early 1970s, with the release of Dr. Joseph Harrington's book, Computer Integrated Manufacturing.

Society of Manufacturing Engineers
(CASA/SME).

"CIM is the integration of total manufacturing enterprise by using integrated systems and data communication coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personnel efficiency." ERHUM
In a literature research was shown that 37 different concepts of CIM were published, most of them from Germany and USA. In a timeline of the 37 publications it is possible to see how the CIM concept developed over time. Also it is quite markable how different the concepts of all publications are.[6]

Topics

CIM & production control system: Computer Integrated Manufacturing is used to describe the complete automation of a manufacturing plant, with all processes running under computer control and digital information tying them together.[7]

Key challenges

There are three major challenges to development of a smoothly operating computer-integrated manufacturing system:

  • Integration of components from different suppliers: When different machines, such as CNC,
    AGVs
    , even differing lengths of time for charging the batteries) may cause problems.
  • Data integrity: The higher the degree of automation, the more critical is the integrity of the data used to control the machines. While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the machines, it requires extra human labor in ensuring that there are proper safeguards for the data signals that are used to control the machines.
  • Process control
    : Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the manufacturing facility, but there must always be a competent engineer on hand to handle circumstances which could not be foreseen by the designers of the control software.

Subsystems

A computer-integrated manufacturing system is not the same as a "lights-out factory", which would run completely independent of human intervention, although it is a big step in that direction. Part of the system involves flexible manufacturing, where the factory can be quickly modified to produce different products, or where the volume of products can be changed quickly with the aid of computers. Some or all of the following subsystems may be found in a CIM operation:

Computer-aided techniques:

Devices and equipment required:

Technologies:

Others:

CIMOSA

enterprise modeling and enterprise integration as required in CIM environments".[10]

CIMOSA provides a solution for business integration with four types of products:[11]

  • The CIMOSA Enterprise Modeling Framework, which provides a reference architecture for enterprise architecture
  • CIMOSA IIS, a standard for physical and application integration.
  • CIMOSA Systems Life Cycle, is a life cycle model for CIM development and deployment.
  • Inputs to standardization, basics for international standard development.

CIMOSA according to Vernadat (1996), coined the term

enterprise modeling based on a cross-boundaries approach, which opposed to traditional function or activity-based approaches. With CIMOSA also the concept of an "Open System Architecture" (OSA) for CIM was introduced, which was designed to be vendor-independent, and constructed with standardised CIM modules. Here to the OSA is "described in terms of their function, information, resource, and organizational aspects. This should be designed with structured engineering methods and made operational in a modular and evolutionary architecture for operational use".[10]

Areas

There are multiple areas of usage:

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-7-302-12535-8
    .
  2. ISBN 978-0-8493-3086-5
    .
  3. ^ "Flexible Manufacturing Systems". 21 March 2017.
  4. S2CID 23963474
    .
  5. ^ http://www.simflow.net/publications/books/cimie-part1.pdf Archived 2020-10-27 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL PDF]
  6. ^ Meudt, Tobias; Pohl, Malte; Metternich, Joachim (27 July 2017). "Modelle und Strategien zur Einführung des Computer Integrated Manufac-turing (CIM) – Ein Literaturüberblick". TU Prints: 36.
  7. ISBN 0-471-93450-X
    .
  8. AMICE Consortium
    (1991). Open System Architecture for CIM, Research Report of ESPRIT Project 688, Vol. 1, Springer-Verlag, 1989.
  9. AMICE Consortium
    (1991), Open System Architecture, CIMOSA, AD 1.0, Architecture Description, ESPRIT Consortium AMICE, Brussels, Belgium.
  10. ^
    F. Vernadat
    (1996). Enterprise Modeling and Integration. p.40
  11. ^ Richard C. Dorf, Andrew Kusiak (1994). Handbook of Design, Manufacturing, and Automation. p.1014

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM).
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