Cope
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2024) |
A cope (
A cope may be worn by any rank of the Anglican clergy, and by licensed lay ministers on certain occasions. If worn by a bishop, it is generally accompanied by a mitre. The clasp, which is often highly ornamented, is called a morse. In art, angels are often shown wearing copes, especially in Early Netherlandish painting.
History
There has been little change in the character of the cope since it was first worn by the clergy. It was made of a semicircular piece of silk or other material, its shape distinguishing it from the chasuble, which had straight edges sewn together in front. Both garments are similar in form and origin to the Orthodox phelonion.[1][2]
Modern copes no longer have a hood. Some early examples feature a triangular hood, which was intended to protect the head during processions, but over time the hood it came to represented by a shield-shaped piece of embroidery that sometimes adorned with a fringe or tassel. Early chasubles depicted in 8th- and 9th-century drawings, have a primitive style of hood, suggesting that the cope and the chasuble had a common origin.[2]
The earliest mentions of a cappa is by the
Amongst monks it was the practice to vest the whole community, except the celebrant and the sacred ministers who assisted the celebrant, in copes at
Meanwhile, the old cappa nigra ("black cape"), or cappa choralis, a choir cape of black material, open or partly open in front, and commonly provided with a functioning hood, still continued in use. While the cope was a liturgical vestment, made of rich, colorful fabric and often highly decorated, the cappa nigra was a practical garment, made of heavy plain black wool and designed to provide warmth in cold weather. Whereas the cope's hood had long since become a non-functional decorative item, the hood of the cappa nigra remained functional. The cappa nigra was worn at the [Divine Office by the clergy of cathedral and
Modern use
Catholic Church
Under all these different forms the cope has not substantially changed its character or shape. The cope is a vestment for processions worn by all ranks of the clergy when assisting at a liturgical function, but it is never worn by the
It is now the vestment assigned to the celebrant, whether priest or bishop, for almost all functions except the Mass when the celebrant wears the chasuble instead. The cope is used, for example, in
The . The list in the index of the Cæremoniale Episcoporum continues with several more cases.
As regards
The mantum is longer than a cope, and is fastened in the front by an elaborate morse. In earlier centuries it was red, at the time the papal colour. In the 11th and 12th centuries the immantatio, or bestowal of the mantum on the newly-elected pope, was regarded as specially symbolical of investiture with papal authority. After the Second Vatican Council and the pontificate of Pope Paul VI, the mantum fell out of use. Some old mantums have been made into copes by being shortened.[2]
Cappa magna
The cappa magna ("great cape") is a voluminous mantle with a long
The cappa magna is not strictly a liturgical vestment, but only a glorified cappa choralis, or choir cope. It is worn in processions or in choir by those attending but not celebrating services. Its colour for cardinals is ordinarily red; for bishops it is violet. Cardinals and
The cappa magna has a large hood, lined with ermine in winter and silk in summer. It is made to cover not only the back, breast, and shoulders. The hood is functional and was in the past placed on the head and covered with the galero, as when the pope created a new cardinal at a consistory. The hood is normally worn over the head only during penitential rites. The few remaining cardinals who still use this garment wear red.
The motu proprio Valde solliciti[6] of 30 November 1952 decreed that the train of the cappa magna should be shortened by about half, from 15 to 7 metres (49 to 23 ft).[7] The 1969 "Instruction on the Dress, Titles and Coats-of-arms of Cardinals, Bishops and Lesser Prelates" laid down that:[8]
The cappa magna, always without ermine, is no longer obligatory; it can be used only outside of Rome, in circumstances of very special solemnity.
It is hardly ever used, except in celebrations according to pre-1969 liturgical books, as when deacons of the
Anglican Communion
The earliest
A cope is worn by the
Lutheran denominations
The cope is usually worn only for processions and services of the Divine Office (morning and evening prayers) in most Lutheran denominations. In the
In the Church of Sweden, bishops regularly wear the cope together with a mitre, crosier and pectoral cross. A cope can also be worn by priests on solemn and ceremonial occasions, such as when presiding over baptisms, weddings and funerals. Copes are not worn as a eucharistic vestment by either bishops or priests, when the chasuble is instead prescribed for both.[12]
Universities
As part of
See also
Sources and references
- .
- ^ a b c d e f g Thurston, Herbert (1908), "Cope", The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. IV, New York: Robert Appleton Company, retrieved 2007-07-26 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Mon. Germ. Hist.: "Epist. Carol.", II, 512.
- ^ Bishop, Edmund, Dublin Review, January 1897.
- ^ Bishop, loc. cit., p. 24.
- ^ "FIU.edu". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church". Archived from the original on 2015-10-26. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ FIU.edu
- ^ Cardinal Rodé photos: a meditation Archived 2010-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Elizabeth II". Westminster Abbey. 2022.
- ^ Block, Mathew (2023-06-22). "LCMS reelects President Matthew Harrison". International Lutheran Council. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
- ^ "Prästens skrud". 8 February 2018.
External links
- Leonard Spiller, Some Notes on Copes 1939
- Pinacoteca Ascoli Piceno – wikipedia.it Italy Ascoli Cope
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 95–96. .
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Cope". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.