Crusade of the Infants of Aragon
The Crusade of the Infants of Aragon
Primary sources
The main
In Catalan, there is James's autobiography, the Llibre dels fets.[2] There is also a document in the General Archive of the Crown of Aragon, called the Llibre de racions al Orient, which lists payments owed to members of the expedition and gives a list of the owners and captains of the ships.[3]
From the Muslim perspective, there are the
Planning
James I may have intended to send a force to the Holy Land in 1260 to help defend it against a possible Mongol invasion, only to relent in the face of adverse weather.
Abaqa's envoys and Jayme Alaric began their return to Europe in the spring of 1268.
King
Expedition
On 4 September 1269, the fleet sailed from Barcelona.[14] On 6 September, the fleet was hit by severe weather that lasted five days. Interpreting this as a sign of divine disapproval, James ordered the fleet to put in. On 16 September, it approached Aigues-Mortes, but strong winds prevented its landing. It finally made port at Agde on 17 September. While some counselled him to return home and others to continue the crusade, James recuperated at Montpellier before deciding to return overland to Catalonia, where he arrived in October.[2]
A part of the fleet under the infantes—18 ships with 442 knights—opted to weather the rough seas and continue the voyage.
Around the time the Aragonese arrived, the Mongols began raiding in the vicinity of
The infantes returned home in the spring of 1270.[2]
Endmatter
Notes
- ^ Also called the Catalan Crusade or Crusade of James I.
References
- ^ Runciman 1954, pp. 330–331.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lower 2018, pp. 83–85.
- ^ Garcia i López 2015, p. 292. Published in Carreras Candi 1909, pp. 123–138.
- ^ Jackson 2005, p. 118.
- ^ Lower 2018, p. 76.
- ^ Richard 1989, p. 516.
- ^ Lower 2018, pp. 80–81.
- ^ a b Lower 2018, p. 82.
- ^ Richard 1989, p. 520.
- ^ Richard 1989, p. 520; Lower 2018, pp. 81–82.
- ^ a b Richard 1989, p. 522.
- ^ Jackson 2005, p. 186.
- ^ Lower 2018, p. 101.
- ^ Date from Lower 2018, p. 84, whereas Runciman 1954, p. 330, gives 1 September.
- ^ Lower 2018, p. 85, with numbers from Richard 1989, p. 522.
- ^ Date per Lower 2018, p. 85, but Runciman 1954, p. 331, has them arriving only in late December.
- ^ Richard 1989, p. 522; Lower 2018, p. 85.
- ^ Runciman 1954, p. 331; Lower 2018, p. 85.
Works cited
- Bisson, Thomas N. (1986). The Medieval Crown of Aragon: A Short History. Clarendon Press.
- Carreras Candi, Francesc (1909). "La creuada a Terra Santa (1269–1270)". Primer Congrés d'Història de la Corona d'Aragó dedicat al Rey en Jaume I y a la seua època. Barcelona. pp. 106–138.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Crawford, Paul, ed. (2003). The 'Templar of Tyre': Part III of the 'Deeds of the Cypriots'. Routledge.
- Garcia i López, Ruth (2015). "La Imposta Paleobizantina trobada a la Basílica de Santa Maria de Mataró (Maresme)". Sessió d'Estudis Mataronins. 31: 289–299.
- Hillgarth, Jocelyn N. (1976). The Spanish Kingdoms 1250–1516. Vol. 1 (1215–1410): Precarious Balance. Clarendon Press.
- Jackson, Peter (2005). The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410. Routledge.
- Lower, Michael (2018). The Tunis Crusade of 1270: A Mediterranean History. Oxford University Press.
- Marshall, Christopher (1994). Warfare in the Latin East, 1192–1291. Cambridge University Press.
- Richard, Jean (1989). "La croisade de 1270, premier « passage général » ?". Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. 133 (2): 510–523.
- Runciman, Steven (1954). A History of the Crusades. Vol. 3: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades. Cambridge University Press.
- Smith, Damian; Buffery, Helena, eds. (2003). The Book of Deeds of James I of Aragon: A Translation of the Medieval Catalan Llibre dels Fets. Ashgate.
- Smith, Damian (2006). "Guerra Santa y Tierra Santa en el pensamiento y la acción del rey Jaime I de Aragón". In D. Baloup; P. Josserand (eds.). Regards croisés sur la guerre sainte: Guerre idéologie et religion dans l'espace méditerranéen latin (XIe–XIIIe siècle. Méridiennes. Toulouse. pp. 305–321. ISBN 9782810710171.)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
Further reading
- Ayala Martínez, Carlos de (1994). "Reflexiones en torno a la cruzada aragonesa de 1269". In Jesús de la Villa (ed.). Dona Ferentes: Homenaje a F. Torrent. Ediciones clásicas. pp. 17–28.
- Marcos Hierro, Ernest (2007). La croada catalana: l'exèrcit de Jaume I a Terra Santa. L'esfera dels llibres.
- Paterson, Linda (2011). "James the Conqueror, the Holy Land and the Troubadours". Cultura Neolatina. 71 (3): 211–286. doi:10.1400/196446.
- S2CID 163897036.