Cyathus olla
Cyathus olla | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Nidulariaceae |
Genus: | Cyathus |
Species: | C. olla
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Binomial name | |
Cyathus olla (
Pers. (1801) | |
Synonyms | |
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Cyathus olla also known as the field bird's nest
Description
Cyathus olla bears a resemblance to a miniature bird's nest containing eggs, hence the common name bird's nest fungi. The fruiting body, or peridium, is roughly funnel-shaped, 10–18 mm tall and 8–12 mm wide. It is greyish yellow or greyish brown to
A different form of this species, Cyathus olla forma anglicus, originally reported from England by mycologist Curtis Gates Lloyd,[5] has also been found in Oregon and Colorado in the US,[8] Alberta Canada,[9] and in Argentina.[10] This form is large, with cup openings up to 1.5 cm (0.6 in) in diameter. Spores have dimensions of 11.5–12.5 × 7.5–9 μm.
The related species Cyathus earlei Lloyd closely resembles C. olla, although mating analysis has shown that they are distinct species.[11]
Microscopic features
Cyathus olla has
Habitat and distribution
Being a
Life cycle
The life cycle of Cyathus olla, which contains both
Spore dispersal
When a raindrop hits the interior of the cup with the proper angle and velocity it can produce considerable force, and can create a splash that drives the water up along the sides of the cup (also known as splash cups), tearing the funiculus, and ejecting the peridioles. The peridioles are followed by their funicular cord and basal hapteron. When they hit a nearby plant stem or stick, the hapteron sticks to it, and the funicular cord wraps around the stem or stick powered by the force of the still-moving peridiole (similar to a tetherball). The peridiole, attached to the plant, may be eaten by herbivorous mammals, and the subsequent passage through its digestive tract will soften the hard shell enough to facilitate later sporulation.[17]
Experiments investigating the splash dispersal of peridioles have shown a maximum horizontal distance for peridiole ejection of 82.5 centimetres (32.5 in), less than that observed for other Cyathus species. This reduced ejection distance may be due to such factors as the greater size of peridioles, the looser construction of the funiculus, or the increased flaring seen in the upper lip of the splash cup.[18]
Agricultural applications
Blackleg is a fungal disease of
See also
References
- ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
- ^ "olla - Definition". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
- ^ JSTOR 3753710.
- ^ ISBN 0-412-36970-2.
- ^ a b Lloyd CG (1906). "The Nidulariaceae". Mycological Writings. 2: 1–30.
- ^ Brodie, The Bird's Nest Fungi, p. 86.
- ISBN 978-1-55407-651-2.
- JSTOR 4547614.
- JSTOR 3756774.
- ^ Brodie, The Bird's Nest Fungi, p. 156.
- doi:10.1139/b62-144.
- ^ a b c Brodie, The Bird's Nest Fungi, p. 155.
- ^ Brodie, The Bird's Nest Fungi, p. 105.
- .
- ISBN 1-4051-3066-0.
- doi:10.1139/b64-026.
- ISBN 0-8020-6766-2.
- ^ Brodie, The Bird's Nest Fungi, p. 95.
- ^ Harrison L, Evans I, Thomas P, Kharbanda P (June 1997). "Blackleg of Canola". Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
- S2CID 36647822.
- ^ a b Tewari JP, Briggs KG (1995). "Field infestation of canola stubble by a bird's nest fungus". Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 17: 291.
- ^ Blenis PV, Chow PS, Stringam GR (1998). "Evaluating the potential of wood decay fungi to enhance decomposition of canola straw". Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 20: 332.
Cited text
Brodie HJ (1975). The Bird's Nest Fungi. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
External links
- Media related to Cyathus olla at Wikimedia Commons