Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennstaedtiaceae Temporal range:
| |
---|---|
Pteridium aquilinum | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Order: | Polypodiales |
Suborder: | Dennstaedtiineae Schwarstb. & Hovenkamp |
Family: | Dennstaedtiaceae Lotsy |
Genera[1] | |
| |
Synonyms | |
|
Dennstaedtiaceae is one of fifteen families in the order
Distribution of genera
Generally, the family is pantropical, but due to the distribution of Pteridium (the most widespread fern genus), Dennstaedtiaceae can be found worldwide.[4] Pteridium is a well adapted early successional genus, generally described as a weed because of its ease of spread. The spore is light and robust, so it can travel relatively far and colonise open, disturbed environments easily.[5] Dennsteadtia is mostly tropical to warm-temperate, but not well represented in the Amazon or Africa. Oenotrichia is in New Caledonia. Leptolepia is in New Zealand, Queensland (Australia), and in New Guinea. Microlepia is in the Asiatic-Pacific. Paesia occurs in tropical America, Asia, and the western Pacific. Hypolepis is tropical and south-temperate. Blotiella is strongly centered in Africa. Histiopteris is generally Malesian, with one pantropic to south-temperate species.[6] The extinct genus Krameropteris is known from remains found in Cenomanian aged Burmese amber.[7]
History of classification
Dennstaedtiaceae was previously considered the only family the order
Phylogeny of Dennstaedtiaceae[11][12]
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interesting species within Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennsteadtiaceae species and genera are usually known for their weedy nature (i.e. Pteridium spp., Hypolepis spp., Paesia spp.), but some species are grown ornamentally (Blotiella spp., Dennstaedtia spp., Hypolepis spp., Microlepia spp.).[13]
The fiddleheads/crosiers of Pteridium aquilinum have been known to be eaten, but they contain carcinogens, so this practice is not prevalent.[14]
The rhizomes of Pteridium esculentum were consumed by the Maori during their settlement of New Zealand in the 13th century, but no longer are a part of the Maori diet.[5] The rhizomes of Pteridium esculentum contain about 50% starch when they grow in loose rich soil, at relatively deep depths.[5] The rhizomes were a staple in the diet because once dried, the rhizomes were very light (perfect for travelling) and would keep for about a year as long as they remained dry.[5] The leaves and spores of the Pteridium esculentum are associated with toxins and carcinogens, and have been known to cause stock (cattle, sheep, horses, pigs) to sicken.[5]
References
- ^ Dennstaedtiaceae Pic.Serm. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- .
- ^ a b c d e Smith, A. R., K. M. Pryer, et al. (2006). "A classification for extant ferns." Taxon 55(3): 705-731
- ^ Thomson, J. (2000). "Morphological and Genomic Diversity in the Genus Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae)." Annals of Botany 85(Suppl B): 77-99
- ^ a b c d e McGlone, M. S., J. M. Wilmshurst, et al. (2005). "An ecological and historical review of bracken(Pteridium esculentum) in New Zealand, and its cultural significance." New Zealand Journal of Ecology 29(2): 165-184
- ^ Kramer, K. U. (1990). Dennstaedtiaceae. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. K. Kubitzki, K. U. Kramer and P. S. Green. New York, Springer-Verlag. 1: 81-94
- hdl:10141/610456.
- ^ Wolf, P. G. (1997). "Evaluation of atpB Nucleotide Sequences for Phylogenetic Studies of Ferns and Other Pteridophytes." American Journal of Botany 84(10): 1429-1440
- ^ Hasebe, M., P. G. Wolf, et al. (1995). "Fern Phylogeny Based on rbcL Nucleotide Sequences." American Fern Journal 85(4): 134-181
- ^ a b Wolf, P. G. (1995). "Phylogenetic Analyses of rbcL and Nuclear Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences in Dennstaedtiaceae." American Fern Journal 85(4): 306-327
- PMID 36092417.
- ^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.4.0 [GenBank release 253]. 2023. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ Mabberley, D. J. (1997). The Plant-Book, Cambridge University.
- ^ Judd, W. S., C. C. Campbell, et al. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sunderland, Ma, Sinauer Associates, Inc.