Deodoro da Fonseca
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Deodoro da Fonseca | |
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President of Brazil | |
In office 15 November 1889 – 23 November 1891 | |
Vice President | None (1889–1891) Floriano Peixoto (Feb–Nov 1891) |
Preceded by | Office established[a] |
Succeeded by | Floriano Peixoto |
President of the Rio Grande do Sul Province | |
In office 8 May 1886 – 9 November 1886 | |
Preceded by | Barão de Lucena |
Succeeded by | Miguel Calmon du Pin |
Personal details | |
Born | Alagoas da Lagoa do Sul, Alagoas, Empire of Brazil | 5 August 1827
Died | 23 August 1892 Rio de Janeiro, Federal District, Brazil | (aged 65)
Political party | Independent |
Spouse |
Mariana Cecília de Sousa Meireles
(m. 1860) |
Relations | Almirantíssimo (Navy) |
Commands |
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Battles/wars | Praieira Revolt
|
Awards | Order of the Southern Cross |
Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca (Portuguese pronunciation:
Early life
Fonseca was born the third child of a large military family on 5 August 1827 in Alagoas da Lagoa do Sul,
Political career
As Governor of
Presidency
The Fonseca administration, divided by political and personal animosity between Fonseca and Vice President Floriano Peixoto, encountered strong opposition within Congress, which chose a policy of obstruction. During the first months of his presidency, he permitted his ministers almost unrestricted control of their ministries.[2] Arbitrary presidential decrees, such as the concession of the port of Torres to a private company and Decree 528, which opened the country to further immigration except by Africans, as well as the disastrous conduct of economic policy during the bubble of the Encilhamento, strengthened the resistance in Congress, which coalesced around Peixoto and soured public opinion. That also caused republicans in the South to withdraw their support from the marshal and provisional government.[3] The situation reached a crisis stage when Fonseca dissolved the National Congress and declared a "state of emergency" on 3 November 1891. A group of deputies opposed the decision and found support among the high-ranking officers of the Navy, including Admiral Custódio José de Melo. The marshal found himself on the brink of a civil war. On 23 November 1891, he signed a resignation to no one in particular and turned over the presidency to Peixoto.
Death
He died in Rio de Janeiro on 23 August 1892. He was stricken with perilous bouts of
Gallery
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Marshal Fonseca in 1889, by Bror Kronstrand
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Fechamento do Congresso by Angelo Agostini (1892)
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Tomb monument of Deodoro da Fonseca in Rio de Janeiro.
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Marechal Deodoro da Fonseca engraved by Modesto Brocos (1890)
In popular culture
Fonseca has been portrayed twice by Brazilian actor and voice actor Castro Gonzaga in the miniseries Abolição (1988) and República (1989) respectively.
See also
Notes
- Emperor Pedro II, whom Fonseca overthrew.
References
- )
- )
- JSTOR 165283.
- Charles Willis Simmons, Marshal Deodoro and the fall of Dom Pedro II, 1966
External links
Media related to Deodoro da Fonseca at Wikimedia Commons