Self-coup
French coup of 1851, when the democratically elected President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte seized dictatorial power, and one year later was proclaimed Emperor of the French
A self-coup, also called an autocoup (from Spanish autogolpe) or coup from the top, is a form of coup d'état in which a nation's head, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. The leader may dissolve or render powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assume extraordinary powers not granted under normal circumstances. Other measures may include annulling the nation's constitution, suspending civil courts, and having the head of government assume dictatorial powers.[1][2]
Between 1946 and 2022, an estimated 148 self-coup attempts took place, 110 in
democracies.[3]
Notable events described as self-coups
- Roman Republic: Julius Caesar (February 44 BC; when declared Dictator perpetuo)[citation needed]
Gustavus III (August 19, 1772)[citation needed]
France: President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (December 2, 1851)[4]
Bulgaria: Prince Alexander of Battenberg (April 27, 1881)[citation needed]
Uruguay: President Juan Lindolfo Cuestas (February 10, 1898)[5]
Austria: Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss (March 15, 1933)[6]
Germany: Chancellor Adolf Hitler (March 23, 1933/August 2, 1934)[4][7]- Uruguay: President Gabriel Terra (March 31, 1933)[8]
Estonia: Prime Minister in duties of the State Elder Konstantin Päts (March 12, 1934)[9]
Karlis Ulmanis (May 15–16, 1934)[citation needed]
August 4, 1936)[citation needed]
Brazil: President Getúlio Vargas (November 10, 1937)[citation needed]
Paraguay: President Higinio Morínigo (November 30, 1940)[citation needed]
Romania: King Michael I of Romania (August 23, 1944)[10]
Bolivia: President Mamerto Urriolagoitía (May 16, 1951)[11]
Indonesia: President Sukarno (July 5, 1959)[12]
November 17, 1971)[citation needed]
Philippines: President Ferdinand Marcos (September 23, 1972)[4][13]
South Korea: President Park Chung Hee (October 17, 1972)[14]- Uruguay: President Juan María Bordaberry (June 27, 1973)[1]
China: Premier Hua Guofeng (October 6, 1976)[citation needed]- Thailand: Prime Minister Kriangsak Chamanan (November 10, 1977)[citation needed]
April 5, 1992)[15]
Russia: President Boris Yeltsin (September 21, 1993)[16][17][18][19]
Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen (July, 1997)[20][21]
Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro (March 29, 2017)[22]- Peru: President Martín Vizcarra (30 September 2019)[23][24][25]
Malaysia Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin (29 February 2020)[26]
Russia: President Vladimir Putin (July 4, 2020/December 31, 1999)[27][28][29]
May 1, 2021)[30]
October 25, 2021)[34]
Notable events described as attempted self-coups
Guatemala: President Jorge Serrano Elías (May 25–June 5, 1993)[35]- Indonesia: President Abdurrahman Wahid (July 1–25, 2001)[36]
- February 23–March 1, 2020)[37]
United States: President Donald Trump (January 6, 2021)[38]- December 7, 2022)[39]
Brazil: President Jair Bolsonaro (October 30, 2022 – December 31, 2022; after election loss)[40][41]
Israel: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu (Ongoing events, since he assumed office on December 29, 2022)[42][43][44][45][46][47][48]
See also
Look up self-coup in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4128-4084-2.
- ^ Tufekci, Zeynep (December 7, 2020). "This Must Be Your First". The Atlantic.
In political science, the term coup refers to the illegitimate overthrow of a sitting government—usually through violence or the threat of violence. The technical term for attempting to stay in power illegitimately—such as after losing an election—is self-coup or autocoup, sometimes autogolpe
- ^ Nakamura, David (January 5, 2021). "With brazen assault on election, Trump prompts critics to warn of a coup". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 5, 2021.
- ^ S2CID 252909007. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
- ^ "URUGUAY UNDER A DICTATOR.; Senor Cuestas Executes a Coup d'Etat and Dissolves the Assembly. (Published 1898)". The New York Times. February 11, 1898.
- ISBN 9781108844338. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ "Germany 1933: from democracy to dictatorship". Anne Frank Website. September 28, 2018.
- ^ "The March Revolution in Uruguay 1933". onwar.com.
- ^ XX sajandi kroonika, I osa. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus. Tallinn, 2002. p. 383
- ^ Deletant, Dennis. Hitler's Forgotten Ally: Ion Antonescu and His Regime, Romania 1940–1944, Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.
- ^ "The Bolivian Revolution". latinamericanstudies.org.
- ISSN 0004-4687.
- ^ "Declaration of Martial Law". Official Gazette. Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
- ^ The Military in Politics Library of Congress Country Studies
- ISBN 0-268-03171-1.
- ^ Kommersant (September 30, 2015). Все перевороты XXI века || [All coups of XXI century].
- ISBN 9781108425667. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ISBN 9780205189939. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ http://politeia.ru/files/articles/rus/Politeia-2000-2(16).pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Making of a strongman: In July 1997, Hun Sen took full control of the country – and his party". The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ Desafíos actuales de Asia oriental. Pedrosa, Fernando, Noce, Cecilia, Povse, Max. ISBN 9789502331188
- ^ Casey, Nicholas; Torres, Patricia (March 30, 2017). "Venezuela Muzzles Legislature, Moving Closer to One-Man Rule". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
- ^ "4 claves para entender la crisis política que atraviesa Perú tras la disolución del Congreso (y lo que puede pasar ahora)". BBC News (in Spanish). Retrieved April 24, 2023.
- ^ "Peru military, police back Vizcarra as rebel lawmakers vow loyalty to VP". Reuters. September 30, 2019. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
- ^ Montes, Juan; Otis, John (October 2, 2019). "Peruvian Vice President Resigns After Congress Fails to Oust Nation's Leader". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 24, 2023.
- ^ "Malaysia's frustrated 'No. 2' leaders pull off political coup". March 22, 2020.
- ^ "Инвестклимат в России определяется ФСБ»: Сергей Гуриев о новом правительстве и «конституционном самоперевороте". February 6, 2020.
- ^ "Putin's Meaningless Coup". August 2, 2020.
- ISBN 9780358574316. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
- ^ Meléndez-Sánchez, Manuel; Levitsky, Steven (May 20, 2021). "El Salvador's President Launched a 'Self-Coup.' Watch for Creeping Corruption and Authoritarianism". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved April 26, 2023.
- ^ "Saied's Textbook Self-Coup in Tunisia". August 2, 2021.
- S2CID 246962926.
- ^ "OPINION - Tunisia's dangerous moment: A self-coup".
- ^ "Sudan's self-coup and four factors that will determine what comes next | African Arguments". October 27, 2021.
- ^ Barry S. Levitt (2006), "A Desultory Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic Charter, Latin American Politics and Society, Volume 48, Issue 3, September 2006, Pages: 93–123. pp104-5
- ^ Ingraham, Christopher (January 22, 2021). "Coup attempts usually usher in long stretches of democratic decline, data shows". The Washington Post.
- ^ "Mahathir proposes to lead 'unity government' - sources". Rueters. February 25, 2020.
- ^
Pion-Berlin, David; Bruneau, Thomas; Goetze, Richard B. Jr. (April 7, 2022). "The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations". Government and Opposition. FirstView (4): 789–806. S2CID 248033246.
- ^ Multiple sources:
- Chen, Nick Aspinwall, Alicia (December 20, 2022). "Peru's Failed Presidential Coup Sparks Democratic Crisis". Foreign Policy. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Villar, Paola (December 7, 2022). "Peru's President Pedro Castillo Stages Self-Coup, Announces Dissolution of Congress". Bloomberg Línea. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- Ioanes, Ellen (January 29, 2023). "How years of instability came to a head in Peru". Vox. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- Quesada, Juan Diego (December 9, 2022). "Inside the coup in Peru: 'President, what have you done?'". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- "After failed self-coup: Peru's ousted president seeks meeting with rights inspectors". today.rtl.lu. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- "High drama in Lima as Peru ousts its president after he attempts self-coup". The Week. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- "Peru's new president suggests moving general election forward to April". euronews. December 12, 2022. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- Chen, Nick Aspinwall, Alicia (December 20, 2022). "Peru's Failed Presidential Coup Sparks Democratic Crisis". Foreign Policy. Retrieved March 25, 2023.
- ^ Carvalho, Diego (October 17, 2023). "Brazil's Bolsonaro Plotted Coup After Election Defeat, Congressional Probe Finds". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ Arias, Juan (August 25, 2023). "Brazilian military caught in the crossfire after failed coup attempt against Lula's government". El País. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
- ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (February 14, 2023). "Netanyahu's Judicial Coup Could Destroy His Start-Up Nation". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 19, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ Friedman, Thomas L. (March 28, 2023). "Netanyahu Cannot Be Trusted". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 28, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick (July 23, 2023). "Israel's Identity Hangs in Balance Ahead of Key Vote on New Law". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 23, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ "A Coup d'État in Israel? : The Bitter Harvest of Colonialism". CrimethInc. March 27, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ Harari, Yuval Noah (March 9, 2023). "This Is Definitely a Coup. Israel Is on Its Way to Becoming a Dictatorship". Haaretz. Archived from the original on March 9, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
- ^ Starr, Michael (January 8, 2023). "30,000 march in Tel Aviv against 'coup d'état' Levin judicial reform". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Archived from the original on January 8, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.