Epitácio Pessoa
Artur Bernardes
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Personal details | |||||||||||
Born | Umbuzeiro, Paraíba, Empire of Brazil | 23 May 1865||||||||||
Died | 13 February 1942 Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | (aged 76)||||||||||
Political party | Republican Party of Minas Gerais | ||||||||||
Spouses | Francisca Justina das Chagas
(m. 1894; died 1895)Maria da Conceição de Manso Sayão
(m. 1898) | ||||||||||
Relations | Recife Law School | ||||||||||
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Epitácio Lindolfo da Silva Pessoa (Portuguese pronunciation:
In addition to his term as president, Pessoa served as
Biography
Epitácio Pessoa was born in
Young Epitácio managed to make the acquaintance of Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca through the connections of his eldest brother José. With the proclamation of the Brazilian Republic he was invited by governor Venâncio Neiva to serve as secretary-general of the first republican government of Paraíba. He was a deputy to the constituent assembly from 1890 to 1891, during which time he was noted as a standout figure. By the time he was twenty-five years old, he was already noted as an accomplished jurist.
During his time in the Constituent Assembly, Pessoa gave an outstanding speech in which he articulated the political responsibilities of the President of the Republic. In 1894, he resolved to abandon politics because of his disagreements with then-president Floriano Peixoto. After marrying Maria da Conceição Manso Saião, he left for Europe.
After his return to Brazil he became Minister of Justice in the government of
Elected as a
With the end of the
Pessoa disputed the succession of
There is another view of this election, however: the belief that after the death of Rodrigues Alves the elite of Minas Gerais and São Paulo wanted to choose a new candidate from outside their own ranks. That
Presidency
Brazil had greatly improved its financial situation over the course of the First World War. The industrialized countries had been forced to concentrate all of their resources towards the arms industry. Brazil exported raw materials at compensatory prices and enlarged its industrial base, manufacturing products that were previously imported. With the end of the war, Europe began to rehabilitate its industries. At the same time, Brazil was plagued with a number of workers strikes, and the business community along with the coffee-growers tried to reimpose their control. In response to these events, Pessoa introduced a program of austere financial planning. Nevertheless, the pressures on the State continued to grow. New loans, totaling nine million
Pessoa did not escape from the intrigues of state politics and used the federal government to intervene on behalf of state-based interest groups in return for support in Congress. He was embroiled in one of the most troubled periods in the history of the Old Republic with the outbreak of the
Crisis of the False Letters
In 1921, the
Notable facts
Pessoa's principal acts as president were the following:
- The construction of more than 200 dams in Northeast (Considered the largest accomplishment of his government).
- The creation of the University of Universidade do Paranáhad been created almost a decade before, in 1912.
- The commemoration of the first centenary of independence.
- The opening of the first radio station in Brazil.
- The substitution of the pound for the dollar as the basis of the nation's monetary standard.
- The construction of more than 1000 km of railroadsin the south of Brazil.
- The nomination of a civilian – the historian Pandiá Calógeras – for Minister of War.
- The defeat of the 18 of the Fort of Copacabana Revolt.
- Successful inroads into creating public works to lessen the droughts of the Northeast region.
- Abolished the law that banished the Brazilian Imperial Familyfrom national territory.
Last years
After leaving the presidency, Epitácio Pessoa was elected to be a Justice of the Permanent Court of International Justice at The Hague, and stayed on the bench until November 1930. From 1924 until the Revolution of 1930, he was a senator for Paraíba. He supported the revolution, which implemented the ideals of earlier army revolts. The assassination of his nephew João Pessoa was a strong emotional blow to Epitácio, and in its aftermath he retired from public life. In 1937, he began to show signs of declining health. He developed Parkinson's disease and severe heart problems. Epitácio Pessoa would live until 13 February 1942, when he died in Nova Betânia, part of Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro). In 1965 his remains, along with those of his wife, were transported to João Pessoa, Paraíba, for reinterment.
Academia Paraibana de Letras
Pessoa was the patron of chair no. 31 of the Academia Paraibana de Letras, which was founded by Father Francisco Lima. It is currently occupied by Angela Bezerra de Castro.
Composition of the government
- Vice-presidents
- Delfim Moreira
- Francisco Álvaro Bueno de Paiva
- Ministers
- Agriculture, Industry and Commerce: Ildefonso Simões Lopes, José Pires do Rio – intern
- Finance: Homero Batista
- War: Alfredo Pinto Vieira de Melo – intern, João Pandiá Calógeras, João Pedro da Veiga Miranda – intern
- Justice: Alfredo Pinto Vieira de Melo, Joaquim Ferreira Chaves – intern
- Navy: Raul Soares de Moura, Joaquim Ferreira Chaves, João Pedro da Veiga Miranda
- Foreign Relations: José Manuel de Azevedo Marques
- Transport and Public Works: José Pires do Rio
Bibliography
- __________ Perfis Parliamentares 07 – Epitácio Pessoa, Editora Câmara dos Deputados, 1978.
- __________Bacharel Epitácio Pessoa e o Glorioso Levante Militar de 5 de Julho, Editora S / E, 1922.
- __________ 1º Centenário de Nascimento de Epitácio Pessoa, Editora A União, 1965.
- GABAGLIA, Joao scott, Matheus Castello 1865–1942, Editora José Olympio,
1951.
- KOIFMAN, Fábio, Organizador – Presidentes do Brasil, Editora Rio, 2001.
- PESSA, Epitácio, Obras Completas, Editora Instituto Nacional do Livro, 1955.
- PESSOA, Mário, Legalismo e Coragem em Epitácio Pessoa, Editora Imprensa Universitária, 1965.
- MELO, Fernando, Epitácio Pessoa uma Biografia, Editora Idéia, 2005.
- SILVA, Hélio, Epitácio Pessoa 11º Presidente do Brasil, Editora Três, 1984.
- VALADÃO, Haroldo, Epitácio Pessoa Jurista da Codificação Americana do Direito Internacional, Rio de Janeiro, 1977.
- ZENAIDE, Hélio Nóbrega, Epitácio Pessoa, Editora A União, 2000.
Legacy
- Presidente Epitácio, a municipality in the state of São Paulo
External links
- O governo Epitácio Pessoa no sítio oficial da Presidência da República do Brasil
- Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional de 1920 Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
- Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional de 1921 Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
- Mensagem ao Congresso Nacional de 1922 Archived 2008-04-24 at the Wayback Machine