Dioscorea communis

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Black bryony
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Dioscoreales
Family: Dioscoreaceae
Genus: Dioscorea
Species:
D. communis
Binomial name
Dioscorea communis
(L.) Caddick & Wilkin
Synonyms[1]
  • Tamus communis (L.)
  • Tamus cretica L.
  • Tamus racemosa Gouan
  • Smilax rubra Willd.
  • Tamus cordifolia Stokes
  • Tamus edulis Lowe
  • Tamus norsa Lowe
  • Dioscorea canariensis Webb & Berthel.
  • Tamus canariensis Willd. ex Kunth
  • Tamus parviflora Kunth
  • Tamus baccifera St.-Lag.
  • Tamus cirrhosa Hausskn. ex Bornm.

Dioscorea communis or Tamus communis is a species of flowering plant in the yam family Dioscoreaceae and is commonly known as black bryony, lady's-seal or black bindweed.[2]

Description

It is a climbing

dioecious, with separate male and female plants. The flowers are individually inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 3–6 mm diameter, with six petals; the male flowers produced in slender 5–10 cm racemes, the female flowers in shorter clusters. The fruit is a bright red berry, 1 cm diameter. Its fairly large tuber is, like the rest of the plant, poisonous
.

Distribution

Dioscorea communis is native and widespread throughout southern and central Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia, from Ireland to the Canary Islands, east to Iran and Crimea.[1][4][5][6][7][8]

Habitat

Dioscorea communis is a typical plant of the forest understory, from the sea to the mountains, usually in dense woods, but it can also be found in meadows and hedges.

Uses

All components of the black bryony plant, including the tubers, are poisonous due to

blisters
.

Studies have isolated

rhizomes, which may contribute to skin irritation and contact dermatitis associated with black bryony.[9]

Chemistry

The rhizome contains

7-hydroxy-2,3,4,8-tetramethoxyphenanthrene, 2,3,4-trimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 3-hydroxy-2,4,-dimethoxy-7,8-methylenedioxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene and 2-hydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene).[10]

Gallery

  • Illustration from Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885
    Illustration from Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885
  • Plant of Dioscorea communis
    Plant of Dioscorea communis
  • Close-up of fruits of Dioscorea communis
    Close-up of fruits of Dioscorea communis
  • Fruits and seeds
    Fruits and seeds
  • Young shoots - edible part of black bryony
    Young shoots - edible part of black bryony

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dioscorea communis.
Wikispecies has information related to Dioscorea communis.
  1. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
  2. ^ "Dioscorea communis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  3. ISBN 978-1408179505
    .
  4. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Tamaro, Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin includes photos plus European distribution map
  5. ^ Govaerts, R., Wilkin, P. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2007). World Checklist of Dioscoreales. Yams and their allies: 1-65. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  6. ^ Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
  7. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
    .
  8. ^ Flora Europaea: Tamus communis distribution Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom(2008).
  9. ^ "Black bryony (Tamus communis, Dioscorea communis) - Mango's Market".
  10. PMID 17166530
    .
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