Draft:Pakistani Involvement in the Arab-Israeli Wars
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Throughout the Arab-Israeli Wars, Pakistan was directly involved militarily mostly by aerial combat. The Pakistan Air Force was participated in aerial combat during the Six-Day War and the Yom Kippur War, with Pakistani pilots flying Jordanian and Syrian aircraft. The most notable of these pilots is Sattar Alvi.[1]
| Pakistani involvement in the Arab-Israeli Wars | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Arab-Israeli Wars | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
 Israeli Air Force |
 Pakistan Air Force Collaborating with: Royal Jordanian Air Force  Syrian Air Force  Iraqi Air Force | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Ezer Weizman (Commander of the Israeli Air Force) Captain Lutz(alleged) |
Air Marshal Nur Khan (Commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Air Force) Asif Manzoor (Squadron leader) Flt Lt Saiful Azam Flt Lt Sattar Alvi | ||||
| Strength | |||||
|
Six-Day War: 1 Dassault Mystère IV 1 Vautour IIA 1 Dassault Mirage III Yom Kippur War: 2 F-4 Phantoms 2 Dassault Mirage III |
Six-Day War: 1 Hawker Hunter Yom Kippur War: 8 MiG-21s 16 PAF volunteers | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
|
Neutral claims: 1 Dassault Mystère IV 1 Vautour IIA 1 Dassault Mirage III 1 F-4 Phantom 2 Dassault Mirage III Pakistani claims: 10 aircraft | Unknown | ||||
Background
Ever since the independence of both Israel and Pakistan, relations were tense. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan was very vocal in his support of the Arabs and a Palestinian state. In 1945, Jinnah stated,[2]
"Every man and woman of the Muslim world will die before Jewry seizes Jerusalem. I hope the Jews will not succeed in their nefarious designs and I wish Britain and America should keep their hand off and then I will see how the Jews conquer Jerusalem. The Jews, over half a million, have already been accommodated in Jerusalem against the wishes of the people. May I know which other country has accommodated them? If domination and exploitation are carried now, there will be no peace and end of wars”[3]
Just a few days after the Partition of India, Jinnah sent a delegation to Cairo under Abdur Rehman Siddiqui to participate in the Inter-Parliamentary World Congress on Palestine. Alongside this, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Pakistan's first foreign minister who also represented Pakistan at the United Nations, called the Balfour Declaration illegitimate, and rejected the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine.[2]
Attempt to establish ties
In May 1948 upon the independence of the
Beginning of Pakistani support to the Arab states
In 1952, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan began to promote state policies against Israel and an approach of friendliness and aid to the Arab states. Khan advocated for Pakistan's continued support to the Palestinians, and this laid the groundwork for Pakistan's foreign policy to the Arab world.[5]
1948 Arab-Israeli War
Although the Pakistani government did not directly intervene in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War or send any volunteers, it was rumored that Pakistan was planning to send military units to Palestine. The Israeli embassy in Washington D.C. received information that Pakistan had purchased 250,000 rifles from Czechoslovakia that were to be sent to the Arabs, and that Pakistan had purchased three military aircraft in Italy for Egypt.[5]
Six-Day War
In 1967, Pakistan sent volunteer pilots to the Arab states amidst the
Ezer Weizman, Commander of the Israeli Air Force and former President of Israel once remarked about Nur Khan in his autobiography that, "He was a formidable fellow and I was glad that he was Pakistani and not an Egyptian".[6]
Saiful Azam's engagements
At the outbreak of the
Yom Kippur War
During the Yom Kippur War, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the Prime Minister of Pakistan sought to maintain close and friendly relations with the Arab world, and so sent Pakistani volunteers to Egypt and Syria. Flight Lieutenant Arif Manzoor was squadron leader of the Pakistani pilots that were volunteers of the Syrian Air Force. Manzoor adopted a call-sign known as "Shahbaz" as a call-sign for the flying formation for the Pakistani pilots.
Sattar Alvi
In an interview with The Centrum Media in 2022, Alvi recalled,
"It was 26th April 1974, and the time was about 3:30 in the afternoon. Hooter blew, siren blew. It was a hot scramble. We all ran to the aeroplanes. We didn't know that there was going to be a situation. While we were on our way back to the base, our radar controller said that 4 aircrafts are approaching from there, 4 from there, 4 from there and 4 from there. The total number of aircrafts in the air around us was 56. We were 8 and they were 56. We wanted to return to the base because we were running out of fuel. But if they approached fast, they could shoot you. You had to take evasive action to fight them."
In August 2023, the Syrian embassy in Islamabad awarded Alvi with the Medal of Bravery alongside a Certificate of Commemoration.
Other instances
1982 Lebanon War
During the
Outcome
7
Gallantry
Gallantry received by Sattar Alvi
| Foreign Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
 Syria
|
Order of Bravery (Wisam al Shujaa) | 
|
| Syria
|
Order of Merit (Wisam al Istehqaq) | 
|
Gallantry received by Saiful Azam
| Foreign Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
 Jordan
|
Order of Independence (Wisam al-Istiqal) | .png){kind=small}
|
 Iraq
|
Iraq Campaign Medal (Nawt as-Shaja'ah) | 
|
References
- ^ "SHAHBAZ OVER GOLAN". 2015-09-23. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ JSTOR 41393325.
- ^ Pirzada, Syed Sharifuddin. “QUAID-I-AZAM AND ISLAMIC SOLIDARITY.” Pakistan Horizon, vol. 29, no. 4, 1976, pp. 60–72. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41393325. Accessed 4 Dec. 2023.
- ^ "Diet as Medicine: The Medical Doctrine of Maimonides". Israel Today. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ a b "Jewish Political Studies Review - Pakistan and Israel". 2008-10-10. Archived from the original on 2008-10-10. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ , retrieved 2023-12-04
- ^ a b "Azam, Saiful | Gathering of Eagles Foundation". Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ISBN 978-1-000-09177-9.
- ^ "Arabs recall Pakistani pilots' gallantry in 1967 war". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ a b "Palestinians mourn death of a Bangladeshi war hero". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-12-19.
- ^ "Saiful Azam — Meet the Jet Ace Who Flew For Four Different Air Forces". MilitaryHistoryNow.com. 2013-08-21. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
- ^ "יום הזיכרון". www.izkor.gov.il. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- JSTOR 25834754.
in the 1982 battle for Beirut between Israel and the PLO, fifty Pakistani volunteers serving in the PLO were taken prisoner by Israel.
- ISSN 1011-6702.
- ISBN 978-0-316-35900-9.
- , retrieved 2023-12-04
- JSTOR 20034020.
- ^ "The Blood Telegram by Gary J. Bass: 9780307744623 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books". PenguinRandomhouse.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.