Endorsements in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries

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2016 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
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This is a list of notable

caucuses and primaries
have begun.

Early endorsements were correlated with the success candidates achieved in caucuses and primaries, for elections from 1980 through 2004.[1][2] (See the UCLA School of Political Parties.) Historically, there has been a correlation ("76% of the eventual vote percentage")[3] between the percentage of political endorsements from sitting and former elected officials earned by a Republican candidate in the first half of the year prior to a presidential election (for the purposes of this article, January–June, 2015), with the percentage of votes cast for that candidate in Republican primaries during the first half of the election year (i.e., January–June, 2016).

The value of political endorsements varies, depending on whom they are from, when they are given, and other factors. Endorsements from politicians who live in states with early primaries are highly sought after.[4] So are endorsements from governors, federal senators, and federal representatives.[3] Endorsements from people from the candidate's home state are less valuable, unless multiple candidates from that state are running.[3] The impact of celebrity endorsements of political candidates is less clear, but can increase general election turnout,[5] or increase fundraising totals and media exposure.[6]

Donald Trump (won presidency)

Main article: Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

1946 and raised there) is a real estate CEO
(1971–present), with investments in New York, Florida, and several other states and countries. He is an author (1987–present) and television personality (2003–2015).

Donald Trump endorsements

Main articles: List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements and List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign primary endorsements

Jeb Bush (withdrawn)

Main article: Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Governor of Florida (1999–2007). He was raised in Texas, where his brother, George was governor (1995–2000) and his father, George H. W. Bush, was a representative (1967–1971). He was a Texas banker (1974–1979) and Florida real estate developer
(1980–1986) before entering politics. He suspended his campaign on February 21, 2016, and endorsed Ted Cruz on March 23, 2016.

Jeb Bush endorsements

Main article: Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Ben Carson (withdrawn)

Main article: Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign

Background: Dr.

1951) was a Maryland brain surgeon and professor (1984–2013). He was raised in Michigan. He is an author, speaker, and runs a scholarship fund. He also served on the board of directors for Kellogg and Costco Wholesale Corporation for 18 and 16 years respectively. He suspended his campaign on March 4 and later endorsed Trump on March 11.[7]

Ben Carson endorsements

Main article: Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Chris Christie (withdrawn)

Main article: Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign

United States Attorney for New Jersey, he held this position until 2008. On February 10, 2016, he suspended his campaign.[8] He later endorsed Trump on the 26th.[9]

Chris Christie endorsements

Main article: Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Ted Cruz (withdrawn)

Main article: Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Texas U.S. Senator (2013–present). Born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, he was raised in Texas. He was a Texas lawyer (1997–98) before entering politics. He suspended his campaign on May 3, 2016, and eventually endorsed Trump.[10]

Ted Cruz endorsements

Main article:
List of Ted Cruz presidential campaign endorsements, 2016

Carly Fiorina (withdrawn)

Main article: Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

2010 U.S. Senate nominee in California, and runs several organizations. On February 10, 2016, she suspended her campaign and endorsed Ted Cruz on March 9, 2016.[11][12]

Carly Fiorina endorsements

Main article: Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Jim Gilmore (withdrawn)

Main article:
Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Army Intel
officer (1971–1974) and Virginia lawyer (1977–1987) before entering politics.

Jim Gilmore endorsements

Main article:
Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Lindsey Graham (withdrawn)

Main article: Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

USAF overseas [1982–89], privately in South Carolina (1989–1992) before entering politics. He withdrew on December 21, 2015. He first endorsed Jeb Bush
on January 15, 2016, and then endorsed Ted Cruz on March 17, 2016.

Lindsey Graham endorsements

Main article: Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Mike Huckabee (withdrawn)

Main article: Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

ran for president in 2008. He was raised in Arkansas. He was a minister (1980–1992) before entering politics, an author (1997–2015), and television host
(2008–2015). He suspended his campaign February 1, 2016, after the Iowa Caucus.

Mike Huckabee endorsements

Main article: Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Bobby Jindal (withdrawn)

Main article: Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Rhodes Scholar in political science
before entering politics. He withdrew on November 17, 2015, and endorsed Marco Rubio on February 5, 2016.

Bobby Jindal endorsements

Main article: Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

John Kasich (withdrawn)

Main article: John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Governor of Ohio (2010–present), ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2000, and was U.S. Representative
from Ohio (1983–2001). He was raised in Pennsylvania. He has an Ohio degree in political science before entering politics, then was a television commentator and banker (2001–2008).

John Kasich endorsements

Main article: List of John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign endorsements

George Pataki (withdrawn)

Main article:
George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Governor of New York from 1995 to 2006. He was raised in New York. He was a New York lawyer (1970–1981) before politics. He withdrew on December 29, 2015, and endorsed John Kasich on April 14, 2016, having previously endorsed Marco Rubio
on January 26, 2016.

George Pataki endorsements

Main article:
George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Rand Paul (withdrawn)

Main article: Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

eye surgeon
(1993–2010) before entering politics. He withdrew on February 3, 2016.

Rand Paul endorsements

Main article: Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Rick Perry (withdrawn)

Main article: Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

ran for president in 2012. He was raised in Texas. He was a Texas-and-overseas USAF pilot (1972–1977) and Texas farmer (1977–1984) before entering politics. He withdrew on September 11, 2015, and endorsed Ted Cruz on January 25, 2016.[13]

Rick Perry endorsements

Main article: Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Marco Rubio (withdrawn)

Main article: Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

U.S. Senator
from Florida (2010–present). He was raised in Florida (and Nevada). He was a Florida lawyer (1996–98) before entering politics. On March 15, 2016, Rubio announced he has suspended his campaign.

Marco Rubio endorsements

Main article: Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Rick Santorum (withdrawn)

Main article: Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

ran for president in 2012
. He was raised in Pennsylvania (and West Virginia). He was a Pennsylvania lawyer (1987–1990) before entering politics. He withdrew on February 3, 2016, and endorsed Marco Rubio.

Rick Santorum endorsements

Main article: Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Scott Walker (withdrawn)

Main article: Scott Walker (politician) § 2016 presidential campaign

Background:

Governor of Wisconsin (2011–present). He was raised in Wisconsin (and Iowa). He was at Marquette University
in politics and economics before entering politics. He withdrew on September 21, 2015, and endorsed Ted Cruz on March 29, 2016.

Scott Walker endorsements

Main article:
Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign § Endorsements

Endorsement withholding

The intentional withholding of an endorsement (aka "negative endorsement") is a relevant and important category for this topic. At a minimum, it represents the loss of an endorsing entity for a candidate. It also represents the introduction of a minimum threshold. The editorial department of the

Sun-Sentinel on March 4, 2016, announced that it would endorse no GOP candidates because, it said, "The kind of person who should be running is not in the race".[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Martin Cohen; David Karol; Hans Noel; John Zaller (2008). The Party Decides: Presidential Nominations Before and After Reform. University of Chicago Press.
  2. ^ Aaron Bycoffe (August 3, 2015). "The Endorsement Primary". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 2015-08-05.
  3. ^ a b c Harry Enten (15 June 2015). "Pols And Polls Say The Same Thing: Jeb Bush Is A Weak Front-Runner". FiveThirtyEight.
  4. ^ "Race is on for 2016 endorsements". The Hill. 21 April 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
  5. ^ Craig Garthwaite; Timothy Moore (2 April 2012). "The Oprah Effect". Kellogg Insight.
  6. ^ Streib, Lauren (November 2012). "Most Valuable Celebrity Political Endorsements: Jay-Z & More (PHOTOS)". The Daily Beast.
  7. ^ Robert Costa (March 11, 2016). "Ben Carson backs Trump, saying combative billionaire has 'cerebral' side". Washington Post.
  8. ^ LoBianco, Tom; Preston, Mark (February 10, 2016). "Chris Christie suspends campaign, source says". CNN. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  9. Jeremy Diamond; Jake Tapper; Phil Mattingly & Stephen Collinson (February 26, 2016). "Chris Christie endorses Donald Trump"
    . CNN.
  10. ^ Tina Nguyen (September 23, 2016). "What On Earth Is Ted Cruz Doing?; A few theories as to why Cruz, who once called Donald Trump a "serial philanderer" and "pathological liar," just endorsed the G.O.P. nominee". vanityfair.com. Vanity Fair. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  11. ^ "Carly Fiorina". Twitter. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  12. ^ Bradner, Eric (February 10, 2016). "Carly Fiorina ends presidential bid". CNN. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
  13. ^ "Rick Perry endorses Ted Cruz". Politico.
  14. ^ Rosemary O'Hara (March 4, 2016). "Why we can't endorse Trump, Rubio, Cruz or Kasich". The Sun-Sentinel.
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