Enhanced full rate

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Enhanced Full Rate or EFR or GSM-EFR or GSM 06.60 is a

speech coding standard that was developed in order to improve the quality of GSM
.

Enhanced Full Rate was developed by Nokia and the Université de Sherbrooke (Canada). In 1995, ETSI selected the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM/DCS.[1]

Technology

The sampling rate is 8000 sample/s leading to a bit rate for the encoded bit stream of 12.2 kbit/s. The coding scheme is the so-called

Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction Coder (ACELP). The encoder is fed with data consisting of samples with a resolution of 13 bits left justified in a 16-bit word. The three least significant bits are set to 0. The decoder outputs data in the same format.[2]

The Enhanced Full Rate (GSM 06.60) technical specification describes the detailed mapping between input blocks of 160 speech samples in 13-bit uniform

μ-law (PCS 1900) 8-bit PCM and 13-bit uniform PCM. This part of specification also describes the codec down to the bit level, thus enabling the verification of compliance to the part to a high degree of confidence by use of a set of digital test sequences. These test sequences are described in GSM 06.54 and are available on disks.[2]

This standard is defined in ETSI ETS 300 726 (GSM 06.60). The packing is specified in ETSI Technical Specification TS 101 318.[3] ETSI has selected the Enhanced Full Rate voice codec as the industry standard codec for GSM/DCS in 1995. Enhanced Full Rate was also chosen as the industry standard in US market for PCS 1900 GSM frequency band.[1][4]

Licensing and patent issues

The Enhanced Full Rate incorporate several patents. It uses the patented ACELP technology, which is licensed by the VoiceAge Corporation.[5][6][7][8]

Enhanced Full Rate was developed by Nokia and the Université de Sherbrooke (Canada).[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Nokia (1995-11-04). "Nokia Sets Industry Standard with New Voice Codec". Archived from the original on 1996-12-20. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  2. ^ a b ETSI EN 300 726 V.8.0.1 (2000-11) - (GSM 06.60 version 8.0.1 Release 1999), Retrieved on 2009-07-08
  3. ^ RFC 3551 - GSM-EFR (GSM 06.60), Retrieved on 2009-07-08
  4. ^ Jutta Degener (1995). "Half-rate GSM and EFR". Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  5. ^ VoiceAge Corporation (2007-10-14). "Licensing - EFR-GSM". Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  6. ^ VoiceAge Corporation. "Licensing - EFR-GSM". VoiceAge Corporation. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  7. ^ VoiceAge Corporation (2007-10-13). "Codec Technologies". Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  8. ^ VoiceAge Corporation. "Codec Technologies". VoiceAge Corporation. Retrieved 2009-09-20.

External links

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