Indeo
Filename extension |
ivf |
---|---|
Internet media type |
video/x-ivf, video/x-indeo |
Developed by | Intel Architecture Labs |
Initial release | November 1992 |
Latest release | 5.11 |
Type of format | compressed video |
Contained by | AVI |
Extended from | DVI |
Indeo Video (commonly known now simply as "Indeo") is a family of audio and
History
During the development of what became the
Intel produced several different versions of the codec between 1993 and 2000, based on very different underlying mathematics and having different features.
Though Indeo saw significant usage in the mid-1990s, it remained
Formats
The original format was designed for real-time playback on low-end Intel CPUs (
The codec was highly asymmetrical, meaning that it took much more computation to encode a video stream than to decode it. Intel's ProShare video conferencing system took advantage of this, using hardware acceleration to encode the stream (and thus requiring an add-in card), but allowing the stream to be displayed on any personal computer.
Indeo 2
Indeo 2, previously known as Real-Time Video 2, works by delta coding pixels line by line, either against the temporally or spatially directly preceding line, coupled with static Huffman coding.[5]
Indeo Video 3
Indeo Video 3 is a traditional DCT-based transform coding format designed for video playback from CD-ROM that is very similar to the competing Cinepak. It uses chroma subsampling, delta encoding, vector quantization, run-length encoding and motion compensation (inter-frame coding) with a recommended key-frame interval of 4 and has distinctly asymmetric runtime characteristics.[6][3]
Indeo Video Interactive
Indeo Video Interactive had greater computational complexity and was aimed at video game developers.[7] It was based on wavelet transforms[8] and included novel features such as chroma-keyed transparency and hot spot support. Initially, there was no support for Apple systems.[9] Two variants of this technology were produced: Indeo Video 4 and 5. The format was never officially documented but later reverse engineered to allow for third-party decoders.[10]
Indeo Audio Coder
Indeo Audio Coder is a transform coding format based on the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT).[11]
Indeo Version 5
Proprietary bitstream encoding for video, originally developed by Intel. The technology was sold in 2000 to Ligos Corporation. John McGowan states that Indeo 5 employs a wavelet algorithm and other encoding features; its predecessor Indeo 4 employs a presumably similar "hybrid wavelet algorithm."[12] Windows implementations of Indeo have been distributed by Ligos. Apple distributed Mac versions for "classic" operating systems through OS 9, but there is no MacOS support for Mac OS X.
Implementations
Official Indeo 5 decoders exist for
regsvr32 ir50_32.dll
[17]Security advisory
The Microsoft Windows implementation of the Indeo codec contains several security vulnerabilities and one should not play Indeo videos from untrusted sources. Microsoft tried to remove them in XP SP1 but had to release a hotfix to add it back.[18] The codec was originally licensed from Intel and Microsoft likely do not have the source code that would be required to fix the vulnerabilities. On fully patched systems and all Windows Vista and later systems, the Indeo codec is partially disabled in most circumstances.[19]
References
- ^ "Indeo® Video 5 Technical Overview(Archived)". Archived from the original on 2014-05-30.
- PMID 10222270.
- ^ a b "Codec Central – Indeo Codec". siggraph.org. 1998. Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
- ^ "Indeo Video Codec, Version 3". www.loc.gov. 2011-12-05. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
- ^ "Indeo 2". MultimediaWiki. 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
- ^ "Indeo 3". MultimediaWiki. 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
- S2CID 11570304.
- ^ "Indeo Video Interactive". Archived from the original on 2006-05-07. Retrieved 2006-03-24.
- ^ "Codec Central – Indeo Codec". siggraph.org. 1998. Archived from the original on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
- ^ "Indeo 4". MultimediaWiki. 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
- ^ "Imc: Make IMDCT support stereo output (34271cab) · Commits · libav / Libav". 2 June 2012.
- ^ "Indeo Video Codec, Version 5". www.loc.gov. 2012-03-01. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
- ^ "git.videolan.org Git - ffmpeg.git/blob - Changelog". git.videolan.org.
- ^ "Codec Status Table - MPlayer - the Movie Player".
- ^ "Free Download Ligos Indeo Codec 5.11".
- ^ "Ligos Corporation » Indeo". Archived from the original on 2006-09-03. Retrieved 2006-03-23.
- ^ "Indeo 5.x problem with Vista".
- ^ "Game stops responding (hangs) or quits unexpectedly when introductory video clip is played".
- ^ "Microsoft Security Advisory 954157 - Security Enhancements for the Indeo Codec". Microsoft. 14 October 2022.
External links
Literature
- Michael Keith (Intel) (1993). "Future directions for Indeo Video". Digest of Papers. Compcon Spring. IEEE International Computer Conference (Compcon). San Francisco, CA, USA: IEEE Computer Society Press. pp. 509–513. ISBN 0-8186-3400-6.