Equestrian statue of Philip Sheridan (Washington, D.C.)

Coordinates: 38°54′43.8″N 77°03′02.4″W / 38.912167°N 77.050667°W / 38.912167; -77.050667
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General Philip Sheridan
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38°54′43.8″N 77°03′02.4″W / 38.912167°N 77.050667°W / 38.912167; -77.050667
Equestrian statue of Philip Sheridan
Part ofCivil War Monuments in Washington, D.C.
NRHP reference No.78000257[1]
Added to NRHPSeptember 20, 1978[2]
LocationSheridan Circle, Washington, D.C., United States
DesignerGutzon Borglum (sculptor)
Henry Winslow (architect)
MaterialBronze (sculpture)
Granite (base)
Length12 feet (3.7 m)
Width5 feet (1.5 m)
Height10 feet (3.0 m)
Opening dateNovember 25, 1908
Dedicated toPhilip Sheridan

General Philip Sheridan is a

Interior Department
.

History

Background

Valley Campaigns of 1864, most notably the Battle of Cedar Creek. Many of the Union generals would eventually be memorialized in Washington, D.C., with statues spread throughout the city. While looking at one of his comrade's equestrian sculptures, Sheridan was not impressed with the depiction of the man and horse. He reportedly told his wife "Whatever you do after I'm gone, don't put me on a horse like that." Following her husband's death in 1888, when an equestrian sculpture of her husband was being planned, Irene Sheridan insisted the horse be as "proud and courageous as its rider."[3]

On March 2, 1889, Congress authorized the erection of a memorial to Sheridan and appropriated $50,000 for its construction.

Major General George Henry Thomas and the James A. Garfield Monument. Ward signed a contract with the Sheridan monument commission in 1892 which called for the equestrian statue to be completed by 1898.[3] He submitted a sketch of the model in 1892, but that design was not approved.[4] Not only did Ward not complete the work by 1898, he had only completed a life-size study of Sheridan's head by 1903. Ward finally completed a model of Sheridan, but when Irene and her son, Philip Sheridan Jr., visited Ward's studio in New York City to see the model, they both hated it. He was depicted as a stout older officer atop a stilted horse. The commission eventually cancelled the contract with Ward in 1905. His model of Sheridan was eventually cast in 1916 and stands in front of the New York State Capitol.[3]

Closeup of the statue

Danish American artist who was greatly influenced by French sculptor Auguste Rodin.[6] Borglum is best known for his carvings at Mount Rushmore and Stone Mountain. The Sheridan sculpture is his only equestrian monument in Washington, D.C.[7] Borglum's other works in Washington, D.C. include Rabboni at Rock Creek Cemetery and several statues in the National Statuary Hall Collection in the United States Capitol.[8]

On January 17, 1908, Borglum's design received approval by the Sheridan monument commission, including then-Secretary of War William Howard Taft, General Henry C. Corbin, and Brigadier General Michael V. Sheridan, Philip Sheridan's brother. Irene also approved the design and chose the memorial site.[9][10]

Illustrated supplement in the New-York Tribune announcing the dedication of the General Sheridan monument. November 22, 1908.

She lived at 2211 Massachusetts Avenue NW (currently offices for the Embassy of Greece), a short distance from Sheridan Circle and the sculpture.[11] As Borglum worked on the sculpture, he would talk to Sheridan's friends, sketch Sheridan's artifacts, and visit Irene. Since Philip Jr. bore a very close resemblance to his father, Borglum used him as a model for the sculpture. When the artwork was completed, Irene, Philip Jr., and Sheridan's three daughters loved the finished result.[3] The sculpture depicts Sheridan riding his horse, Rienzi, as he assembles his troops during the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864. He had raced 20 miles (32 km) from Winchester, Virginia, to reach the battle. Following the Union victory, Sheridan renamed the horse Winchester. After Winchester died in 1878, Sheridan had him preserved and mounted. The horse is now on display at the National Museum of American History.[12] Congress paid for the plaza, base, and preparation of the memorial site, while veterans of the Army of the Cumberland paid for the statue.[13] Architect Henry Winslow designed the base and setting. The stonework was provided by the Mohegan Granite Company of New York while the Malnati Stone Company of Washington, D.C. set the stones in place.[4]

Dedication

The Sheridan memorial was dedicated on November 25, 1908. A large crowd was present with many dignitaries in attendance, including President

West Point and his campaigns during the Civil War and American Indian Wars. After Irene and Philip Jr. removed the covering of the statue, the crowd cheered loudly and many began to recite Thomas Buchanan Read's poem, Sheridan's Ride.[3]

Historic designation

Along with

Massachusetts Avenue Historic District, listed on the NRHP in 1974, and the Sheridan-Kalorama Historic District, listed on the NRHP in 1989.[2] The sculpture and the surrounding park are owned and maintained by the National Park Service, a federal agency of the Interior Department.[4]

Design and location

The Sheridan memorial in 1916

The bronze equestrian sculpture is at the center of Sheridan Circle, a traffic circle located at the intersection of 23rd Street, R Street and Massachusetts Avenue NW within the

Sheridan-Kalorama neighborhood.[2][14] It measures 10 feet (3.0 m) high and 12 feet (3.7 m) long while the rectangular granite base measures 3 feet (0.91 m) high. The horse is slightly reared back while standing on a rocky surface. Sheridan is turned to his right with his right arm extended behind him. The right hand is holding his hat while his left hand holds the horse's reins. Sheridan is wearing a military uniform with a long coat belted at the waist and is portrayed with a moustache and wavy hair. The sculpture is surrounded by a plaza measuring 37 feet (11 m) long with five steps on the front and back leading to the sculpture. Curved benches run along the interior of the plaza facing the sculpture while the exterior of the plaza features two pairs of lion head fountain spouts. Water poured from the spouts into square basins, but this feature is no longer working.[4]

Inscriptions on the monument include the following:[4]

  • GUTZON BORGLUM 1908 (left side of the sculpture)
  • GORHAM CO FOUNDERS (right side of the sculpture near the base)
  • SHERIDAN (front side of the base)

See also

References

  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ a b c "District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites" (PDF). District of Columbia Office of Planning – Historic Preservation Office. September 30, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 5, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  3. ^
    ISBN 9780801858611
    . Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "General Philip Sheridan, (sculpture)". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  5. OCLC 2076519. Archived
    from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  6. ^ Richard, Paul (July 3, 2005). "From the Collection: Washington's Prize Possessions". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  7. ^ Longaker, Mark (May 23, 2007). "Men on horseback dominate memorials". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  8. ^ "Borglum, Gutzon, 1867–1941, sculptor". Smithsonian American Art Museum. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  9. ^ "Phil Sheridan Statue: Monument of the Cavalry Leader for the Nation's Capital". New-York Tribune. January 26, 1908. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  10. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form". National Park Service. p. 9. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  11. ^ "The Building". Embassy of Greece in Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  12. ^ Modany, Angela (April 4, 2012). "The "War Horse" of the Civil War". National Museum of American History. Archived from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  13. ^ Scott, Gary (September 19, 1977). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form". National Park Service. p. 9. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  14. OCLC 777027791
    .

External links
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