Luther Monument (Washington, D.C.)
Luther Monument | |
Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District | |
NRHP reference No. | 73002096[1] (Luther Place Memorial Church) 94000992[2] (Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District) |
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Significant dates | |
Added to NRHP | July 16, 1973 (Luther Place Memorial Church (November 9, 1994) Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District |
Designated DCIHS | November 8, 1964 (Luther Place Memorial Church) July 16, 1973 (Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District) |
The Luther Monument is a public artwork located in front of
The plan to erect a statue began in 1883. A group of interested people formed an association and began a fundraising effort. The total cost of the statue and granite pedestal, designed by
History
Memorial plan
The idea for erecting a statue in honor of
Many people submitted designs for the statue's pedestal, and the architects chosen were Adolf Cluss and Paul Schulze. A.H. Jouvenal was chosen to construct the pedestal. The statue chosen to erect in Washington, D.C., was a copy of the Luther Monument in Worms, Germany. The replica was created in Lauchhammer, Prussia, and shipped to the U.S. via the North German Lloyd Steamship Company. It was then delivered from New York City to Washington, D.C., via the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company.[3][5] The original plans were for the statue to be dedicated on the 400th anniversary of Luther's birth, but the unveiling was delayed until 1884.[3]
Dedication
The night before the unveiling and dedication, there was a meeting at the church of the many guests of honors and members of the committee involved with the statue's installation. Another meeting took place the following morning, May 21, 1884, which was conducted in German. Attendees included the pastor, members of the committee, and other pastors. The church's pastor read Psalm 46 followed by the singing of Now Thank We All Our God by the choir of St. John's Church. A prayer by a pastor from New York occurred before a speech by a Baltimore pastor. One of Luther's songs, A Mighty Fortress Is Our God was sung in German ("Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott") by the choir after another address by a pastor. The choir sang two more songs, The Hymn of Praise and Keep Us, Lord, Faithful to Your Word (Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort), followed by another speech, which afterwards, the event ended.[6]
After that morning's event, crowds gathered to watch the unveiling ceremony. A parade composed of people from
The unveiling event began with the United States Marine Band playing The Creation. This was followed by a prayer and a speech about the statue's history, before the band played Organ Sonata. U.S. Senator Omar D. Conger and other gave additional speeches before the band played A Mighty Fortress Is Our God and the unveiling took place.[6] During the unveiling, the temporary platform collapsed, sending hundreds of people into the crowd of 5,000 onlookers.[7] Nevertheless, the event ended with a prayer, and a reception took place that evening.[6] The Luther statue became the city's first outdoor sculpture of a religious figure and was the first public monument of Luther to be erected in the U.S.[8]
Later history
Luther Place Memorial Church received its commonly known name after the Luther statue was installed. Before that, it was Memorial English Lutheran Church and then the Memorial Evangelical Lutheran Church of Washington, D.C. The "memorial" in the church's name was chosen because the congregation was founded not long after the Civil War, and it was a way for the church to celebrate the end of the conflict and the end of slavery.[9] After the statue was installed in Washington, D.C., there were many other replicas of the statue installed throughout the country.[10]
On November 8, 1964, the church was added to the
Location and design
The statue is located on Square 244, a triangular lot bounded by 14th Street, N Street, Thomas Circle, and Vermont Avenue NW.[14] The statue is on the front yard of the church's property with the facade's tower in the background.[9] It faces Thomas Circle, one of the main traffic circles in the city. The statue is sited just behind one of four triangular lots around Thomas Circle that are administered by the National Park Service.[14][15]
The bronze statue of Luther is 11.5-feet (3.5 m) tall. The granite pedestal it rests on is 14-feet (4.3 m) tall and its diameter is 11.5 feet. Luther is depicted not as a monk, but as a preacher, wearing a long robe. His right leg is forward from his body. He is holding a Bible with his left hand and has his right fist resting on the book. He is looking up slightly, appearing defiant, and his curly hair partly covers his face. The setting for the statue was his excommunication trial at the Diet of Worms in 1521. The pedestal is composed of three tiers.[16] It contains a copper box with a Bible, documents on Luther and the statue, and other papers. The box was hermetically sealed inside the pedestal in 1884.[3]
Inscriptions on the monument include:[16]
(rear side of statue, near the pedestal)
E. RIETSCHEL FACIT. GEGOSSEN LAUCHHAMMER 1884
(front of pedestal)
MARTIN LUTHER
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Statue and pedestal
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The statue and church tower
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Thomas Circle in 1922 with Luther Place Memorial Church and the Luther statue in the background
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The statue in the early 20th-century
See also
- List of public art in Washington, D.C., Ward 2
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.
- Outdoor sculpture in Washington, D.C.
References
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
- ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e "Luther in Bronze". The Evening Star. May 17, 1884. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ "Luther Place". The Washington Critic. September 25, 1885. p. 3. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ "The Lutheran Statue in Washington". The Evening Star. September 26, 1883. p. 2. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Martin Luther's Day". The Evening Star. May 21, 1884. p. 1. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ Goode, James M. (1974). The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 284.
- ProQuest 409149060. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ a b Brown, T. Robins (February 28, 1973). "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form - Luther Place Memorial Church". DC Preservation League. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ISBN 978-3-0343-0138-1.
- ^ "District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites" (PDF). District of Columbia Office of Planning – Historic Preservation Office. September 30, 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ Lyles, Robert; Roussey, Tim (July 29, 2013). "Thomas Circle church vandalized with mixture of paint and feces". WJLA-TV. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Lipin, Michael (July 31, 2013). "Chinese Woman Suspected of Vandalism in Washington". Voice of America. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
- ^ a b Eig, Emily Hotaling; Williams, Kim Prothro (March 8, 1994). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form - Greater Fourteenth Street Historic District" (PDF). National Park Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Bednar, Michael (2006). L'Enfant's Legacy: Public Open Spaces in Washington, D.C. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 168–169.
- ^ a b "Martin Luther, (sculpture)". Smithsonian Institution Research Information System. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
External links
- Media related to Martin Luther Statue (Washington, D.C.) at Wikimedia Commons