Fish species of the Neretva basin

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The fish fauna of the

Balkans is representative of the Dinaric karst
region and characterized by several endemic and endangered species.

Overall the Dinaric karst water systems support 25% of the total of 546 fish species in Europe. The river Neretva and its tributaries represent the main drainage system in the east

indigenous.[1]

The degree of

IUCN
. According to Smith & Darwall (2006) the Neretva River, together with four other areas in the
threatened freshwater fish species.[2]

Habitat

The

karstic well-springs. Finally at the Neretva Delta, the river reaches the Adriatic Sea
.

Autochthonous fishes

See also: Category:Endemic fish of the Neretva basin

critically endangered
.

Salmonids

Salmonid fish from the Neretva basin show considerable variation in morphology, ecology and behaviour. The Neretva also has many other endemic and fragile life forms that are near extinction.[4][5]

Among most

marble trout (Salmo marmoratus, Bosnian: Glavatica.[8] Genetic analyses of the trouts find little if any distinction between "Salmo dentex" and Salmo marmoratus of the Neretva basin, however.[9]

Local common name English common name Scientific name Status Conservation status (IUCN) Image Notes
Mekousna Softmouth also Adriatic trout Salmo obtusirostris oxyrhyncus Native & endemic Endangered *notes
Glavatica Marble trout Salmo marmoratus Native & endemic *Critically endangered * IUCN evaluated only the Soča and the Po basins population so far as Least concerned
Zubatak Dentex trout Salmo dentex Native & endemic *Critically endangered * No evaluation by IUCN due to data deficiency
Potočara Brown trout Salmo trutta fario (Adriatic lineage) Native Threatened Example *notes

All three endemic trout species of the Neretva are endangered mostly due to the

fisheries especially in form of introduction of invasive allochthonous species (dams, overfishing, mismanagement, genetic pollution, invasive species).[11][12]

Cyprinids

As with the Neretva

karstic plains (poljes) of eastern as well as western Herzegovina in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which eventually drain their waters to the Neretva watershed and/or coastal drainages of south-eastern Dalmatia in Croatia
.

Cobitidae

protected species and inhabits only the Neretva delta and its smaller tributaries, the (Norin) and lake systems of the Neretva delta (Baćina lakes, Kuti, Desne, Modro oko.[21] It is considered Vulnerable
(VU).

Neretva delta endemics

The

endemic species, and there are more than 20 endemic species, of which 18 species are endemic species of the Adriatic watershed, and three endemic species in Croatia. Nearly half (45%) of the total number of species that inhabit this area are included in one of the categories of threat, and are mainly endemic species.[1]

Allochthonous fishes

Pike-perch

The allochthonous

Jablaničko Lake
.

The fast pace of the pike-perch population growth and displacements in the Neretva River basin is expected to match the environmental conditions from the mid-ecological valence of this fish. In this sense, it is the established continuous and accelerated growth of the population dynamics of pike-perch in Jablaničko Lake, a relatively good representation in artificial

Salakovačko Lake and the beginning of growth of population in the Grabovičko Lake
. Parallel with the increase of population of pike-perch in the Neretva lakes is the obvious decrease in the quantity of
endangered and endemic
species of the Neretva basin will be even more endangered.

The populations of the allochthonous pike-perch have visible negative effects on the autochthonous

Adriatic
Sea in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

On the basis of all relevant indicators it is necessarily to take urgent measures, continuous and organized action, to dramatically reduce the quantity (if is not possible to exterminate) of this allochthonous type of fish, as well as to attempt to revitalize autochthonal fish populations, with fish stocking of local, especially

UK
, and prevent, if possible, this type of allochthonous species colonization of the Neretva River basins with irreversible effects.

Invasive salmonids

Like in many rivers around Europe, there are some introduced salmonid fish species in the Neretva. Of these only grayling (Thymallus thymallus) established stable population so far, while the more harmful rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) had lower survival rate and accordingly low population growth and small size. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) have also recently been introduced to almost all of the Neretva basin reservoirs, but had only moderate to low success in establishing stable populations. At least for now populations of these invasive salmonids are rather weak. The largest threat, though, represent species much closers to indigenous Neretva's salmonids. It's a two variation of stocked Brown trout, Danube and Atlantic sub-species, that threatens survival of the Neretva Softmouth to certain extent but more significantly indigenous Neretva's Brown trout of Adriatic strain through cross-breading.

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-953-7153-18-2
    .
  2. ^ Darwall W.; Carrizo S.; Numa C.; Barrios V.; Freyhof J.; Smith K. (2014). "Freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas in the Mediterranean Basin Hotspot" (PDF). Freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) - Mediterranean - IUCN. Site Collection Documents (in English, Bosnian, French, and Arabic). IUCN. Archived from the original (.pdf) on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  3. ^ "Water Quality Protection Project - Environmental Assessment". World Bank. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  4. ^ "Marble trout (Salmo marmoratus)". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
  5. ^ S. MUHAMEDAGIĆ; H. M. GJOEN; M. VEGRA (2008). "Salmonids of the Neretva river basin - p" (PDF). EIFAC FAO Fisheries and Aqauculture Report No. 871. European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC): 224–233. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
  6. ^ "Salmo obtusirostris". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Archived from the original on 2019-09-14. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
  7. ^ "Salmo dentex". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Archived from the original on 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
  8. ^ "Salmo marmoratus". Balkan Trout Restoration Group. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
  9. ^ Snoj, A.; Glamuzina, B.; Razpet, A.; Zablocki, J.; Bogut, I.; Lerceteau-Köhler, E.; Pojskić, N.; Sušnik, S. (2010). "Resolving taxonomic uncertainties using molecular systematics: Salmo dentex and the Balkan trout community". Hydrobiologia, 651. pp. 199–212.
  10. ^ "Methodology and Technical Notes". IUCN - Watersheds of the World. Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2009-07-15. A large dam is defined by the industry as one higher than 15 metres high and a major dam as higher than 150.5 metres
  11. ^ Freyhof, J.; Kottelat, M. (2008). "Salmo dentex". 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  12. ^ Crivelli, A.J. (2006). "Salmo marmoratus". 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
  13. ^ "Adriatic minnow (Phoxinellus alepidotus)". Fishbase. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
  14. ^ "Spotted minnow (Phoxinellus adspersus)". Fishbase. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
  15. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2015). "Telestes turskyi" in FishBase. April 2015 version.
  16. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Chondrostoma knerii" in FishBase. April 2009 version.
  17. ^ Crivelli, A.J. (2006). "Chondrostoma knerii". 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
  18. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). svallize"Squalius svallize" in FishBase. April 2009 version.
  19. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). "Squalius illyricus" in FishBase. April 2009 version.
  20. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2015). hugelii"Aulopyge hugelii" in FishBase. April 2015 version.
  21. ^ a b Mrakovčić et al., 2006)
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