Foiba
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Grotta_Plutone_from_Foibe_2016_by_Sharon_Ritossa.jpg/220px-Grotta_Plutone_from_Foibe_2016_by_Sharon_Ritossa.jpg)
A foiba (from Italian: pronounced [ˈfɔiba]; plural: foibe ['fɔibe] or foibas) — jama (pronounced [ˈja̟mə]) in South Slavic languages scientific and colloquial vocabulary (borrowed since early research in the Western Balkan Dinaric Alpine karst) — is a type of deep natural sinkhole, doline, or sink, and is a collapsed portion of bedrock above a void. Sinks may be a sheer vertical opening into a cave or a shallow depression of many hectares. They are common in the Karst (Carso) region shared by Italy and Slovenia, as well as in a karst of Dinaric Alps in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and, Croatia. The foibe massacres, a war crime that took place during and after World War II, take their name from the foibe.
Etymology
The
Description
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Polje-Modell.jpg/390px-Polje-Modell.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Foiba.svg/170px-Foiba.svg.png)
They are chasms excavated by
Foibe massacres
During and right after the end of World War II, OZNA and Yugoslav Partisans killed a number between 11,000[5][6] and 20,000[7] of the local ethnic Italian population (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians), as well against anti-communists in general (even Croats and Slovenes), usually associated with Fascism, Nazism and collaboration with Axis,[7][5] as well as against real, potential or presumed opponents of Tito communism[8] by throwing their still living bodies into the foibe. This event is known as foibe massacres. The type of attack was state terrorism,[7][9] reprisal killings,[7][10] and ethnic cleansing against Italians.[7][11][12][13][14] The foibe massacres were followed by the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus.[15]
The Yugoslav partisans intended to kill whoever could oppose or compromise the future annexation of Italian territories: as a preventive purge of real, potential or presumed opponents of
In literature
Foiba is also the name of the well-known sinkhole that opens near the castle of Montecuccoli, in
See also
References
- ^ Ottavio Lurati, Toponymie et géologie, in Quaderni di semantica, year XXIX, number 2, December 2008, 443.
- ^ "Foiba" (in Italian). Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ISBN 978-3732298501. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
- ^ "Glossary of speleology: letter F". Archived from the original on 2009-02-07. Retrieved 2008-05-10.
- ^ ISBN 9788842529996.
- ^ Micol Sarfatti (11 February 2013). "Perché quasi nessuno ricorda le foibe?". huffingtonpost.it (in Italian).
- ^ ISBN 9783030783860.
- ^ a b "Relazione della Commissione storico-culturale italo-slovena - V Periodo 1941-1945". Archived from the original on 16 January 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2009.
- ^ Il tempo e la storia: Le Foibe, Rai tv, Raoul Pupo
- ISBN 9780241962220.)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ISBN 9781107005037.
- ^ Silvia Ferreto Clementi. "La pulizia etnica e il manuale Cubrilovic" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 February 2015.
- ^ «....Già nello scatenarsi della prima ondata di cieca violenza in quelle terre, nell'autunno del 1943, si intrecciarono giustizialismo sommario e tumultuoso, parossismo nazionalista, rivalse sociali e un disegno di sradicamento della presenza italiana da quella che era, e cessò di essere, la Venezia Giulia. Vi fu dunque un moto di odio e di furia sanguinaria, e un disegno annessionistico slavo, che prevalse innanzitutto nel Trattato di pace del 1947, e che assunse i sinistri contorni di una "pulizia etnica". Quel che si può dire di certo è che si consumò - nel modo più evidente con la disumana ferocia delle foibe - una delle barbarie del secolo scorso.» from the official website of The Presidency of the Italian Republic, Giorgio Napolitano, official speech for the celebration of "Giorno del Ricordo" Quirinal, Rome, 10 February 2007.
- ^ "Il giorno del Ricordo - Croce Rossa Italiana" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2022-01-28. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
- ISBN 9781845452704.
- ISBN 88-7125-239-X, p. 597.
- ^ "Le foibe e il confine orientale" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 12 May 2021.
- ^ "La Foiba di Pisino che ispirò Jules Verne" (in Italian). 22 August 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
External links
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- Gardens of the Righteous Worldwide Committee - Gariwo Archived 2012-02-20 at the Wayback Machine