Fort Popham

Add links
Coordinates: 43°45′17″N 69°47′02″W / 43.75472°N 69.78389°W / 43.75472; -69.78389
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Fort Popham Memorial
U.S. National Historic Site
Fort Popham and the Kennebec River
Fort Popham is located in Maine
Fort Popham
Fort Popham
Location in Maine
LocationPhippsburg, Maine
Coordinates43°45′17″N 69°47′02″W / 43.75472°N 69.78389°W / 43.75472; -69.78389[1]
Built1861 (1861)
ArchitectUS Army Corps of Engineers
NRHP reference No.69000012
Fort Popham
Part of
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
In use1864–1865, 1898–1899, 1917–1918, 1941–1945
MaterialsGranite
Garrison information
Garrison
Added to NRHP1 October 1969

Fort Popham is a Civil War-era coastal defense fortification at the mouth of the Kennebec River in Phippsburg, Maine. It is located in sight of the short-lived Popham Colony and, like the colony, named for George Popham, the colony's leader. The site is preserved as Fort Popham State Historic Site.[2]

Predecessors

During the

Secretary of War's reports on fortifications for December 1808 and December 1811.[5] It was called the "Battery on Hunnewell's Point" or the "Georgetown Battery" (at the time Georgetown included Phippsburg).[6][7] In 1811 it was described as "An enclosed work, with a battery of six heavy guns mounted, a small magazine, and wooden barracks for 40".[8] The battery remained manned until 1815 and saw minor action during the War of 1812. After the war four of the guns were relocated to a new battery at Cox's Head, north of Fort Popham on the west bank of the Kennebec. This was a brick fort with barracks for 105 men.[6]

History

Construction of Fort Popham was authorized in 1857 as part of the Third System of fortifications but did not begin until 1861. The fort was built from granite blocks quarried on nearby Fox and Dix Islands. It had a 30-foot (9 m)-high wall facing the mouth of the Kennebec River and was built in a crescent shape, measuring approximately 500 feet (150 m) in circumference.

During the closing months of the American Civil War, from October 1864 to July 1865, the fort was garrisoned by the 7th Unassigned Company of Maine Infantry. The 7th Company was commanded by Captain Augustin Thompson, who is best known as the inventor of Moxie soda.[9]

Fort Popham was originally designed to mount 42 heavy guns, a mix of 10-inch and 15-inch

Bowdoinham to remember its soldiers who died in the Civil War. The cannon is still there. A 100-pounder (6.4-inch) Parrott rifle sits near the fort grounds; it was listed as being at the fort in 1903.[11] The back side of Fort Popham was built with a low moated curtain containing a central gate and 20 musket
ports.

War experience showed that masonry forts were vulnerable to modern rifled guns. As a result, in 1869 construction at Fort Popham stopped before the fortification was completed. The fort was garrisoned again after additional work was performed during the

8-inch M1888 gun was mounted near the fort on a converted Rodman carriage, joining four 15-inch Rodman guns and the 100-pounder Parrott rifle that remains near the fort; the 8-inch gun was removed in 1910.[11][13][14] This was an emergency measure to provide modern guns at threatened locations until the Endicott program forts could be completed. Under this program, construction of Fort Baldwin on the headland above Fort Popham began in 1905 with longer-range guns, which eventually rendered Fort Popham obsolete.[15]
However, at the time Fort Baldwin was built, Fort Popham remained important due to the minefield facilities.

Fort Popham was probably part of the

Coast Defenses of Portland at some time prior to 1917.[16] During World War I, Forts Popham and Baldwin were garrisoned by about 200 men of the 13th and 29th Coast Artillery companies of the Coast Defenses of Portland.[17] Although Fort Baldwin was disarmed in 1924, the mine facilities at Fort Popham may have remained operational through World War II, during which Fort Baldwin was rearmed with towed artillery.[15]

Present

The fort, located two miles (3 km) from popular Popham Beach State Park, is open to the public as Fort Popham State Historic Site. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as Fort Popham Memorial on October 1, 1969, reference number 69000012.

Gallery

  • The fort's setting
    The fort's setting
  • Entrance
    Entrance
  • Interior
    Interior

See also

References

  1. ^ "Fort Popham (historical)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  2. ^ "Fort Popham State Historic Site". Department of Agriculture, Conservation and Forestry. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
  3. ISBN 978-0-9748167-2-2
    .
  4. ^ Wade, p. 131
  5. ^ Wade, pp. 235, 241
  6. ^ a b Coast Defenses of the Kennebec River at NorthAmericanForts.com
  7. ^ Town of Georgetown, Maine website
  8. ^ Wade, p. 241
  9. ^ National Archives digitized microfilm record, Microcopy 594, Roll 71, Volunteer Maine Militia, Nineteenth Infantry through 30th Unassigned Infantry
  10. ISBN 978-1-7323916-1-1
    .
  11. ^ a b FortWiki article on Fort Popham
  12. ^ Fort Popham at NorthAmericanForts.com
  13. ^ a b Congressional serial set, 1900, Report of the Commission on the Conduct of the War with Spain, Vol. 7, pp. 3778–3780, Washington: Government Printing Office
  14. ISBN 0-9748167-0-1
    .
  15. ^ a b FortWiki article on Fort Baldwin
  16. ISBN 0-9720296-4-8
    .
  17. ^ NRIS entry for Fort Baldwin

Further reading

For this fort's role in Jefferson's embargo, see Smith, Joshua M. "Maine's Embargo Forts", Maine History, Vol. 44, No. 2 (April 2009), pp. 143–154.

For this fort's role in the War of 1812, see Burrage, Rev. Henry S. "Captain John Wilson and Some Military Matters in the War of 1812", Collections and Proceedings of the Maine Historical Society, second series, 10 (1899), pp. 403–429.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fort Popham.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fort_Popham&oldid=1185282995"