Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi | |
---|---|
École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts | |
Notable work | Statue of Liberty |
Spouse |
Jeanne-Emile Baheux (m. 1876) |
Signature | |
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (/bɑːrˈtɒldi, -ˈθɒl-/ bar-T(H)OL-dee,[1][2] French: [fʁedeʁik oɡyst baʁtɔldi]; April 2, 1834 – October 4, 1904) was a French sculptor and painter. He is best known for designing Liberty Enlightening the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty.[3]
Early life and education
Bartholdi was born in
Bartholdi's father, a property owner and counselor to the prefecture, died when Bartholdi was two years old.
Bartholdi attended the
Career
Early sculptures and work in Colmar
In 1853, Bartholdi submitted a
In 1869, Bartholdi returned to Egypt to propose a new lighthouse to be built at the entrance of the Suez Canal, which was newly completed. The lighthouse, which was to be called Egypt Carrying the Light to Asia and shaped as a massive, draped figure holding a torch, was not commissioned.[5] Both the khedive and Lesseps declined the proposed statue from Bartholdi, citing the high cost.[7] The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869.
The war and Statue of Liberty
Bartholdi served in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 as a squadron leader of the National Guard, and as a liaison officer to Italian General Giuseppe Garibaldi, representing the French government and the Army of the Vosges.[citation needed] As an officer, he took part in the defense of Colmar from Germany. Distraught over his region's defeat, over the following years he constructed a number of monuments celebrating French heroism in the defense against Germany. Among these projects was the Lion of Belfort, which he started working on in 1871, not finishing the massive sandstone statue until 1880.[5]
In 1871, he made his first trip to the
Later years
In 1875, he joined the
A prolific creator of statues, monuments, and portraits, Bartholdi exhibited at the Paris Salons until the year of his death in 1904.
Personal life
In 1876, he married Jeanne-Emile Baheux in Providence, Rhode Island.[5] In 1893, Bartholdi and his wife visited the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, where his Washington and Lafayette sculptural group was exhibited.[11] Throughout his life Bartholdi maintained his childhood family home in Colmar; in 1922, it was made into the Musée Bartholdi.[5]
Major projects
The Statue of Liberty (Liberty Enlightening the World)
The work for which Bartholdi is most famous is Liberty Enlightening the World, better known as the
Bartholdi's hometown in
Bartholdi broached the idea of a massive statue and once its design was approved, the Union Franco-Américaine raised more than 1 million francs throughout France for its building.
Works in Colmar
Bartholdi's hometown Colmar (modern political administrative region of Grand Est) has a number of statues and monuments by the sculptor, as well as a museum founded in 1922 in the house in which he was born, at 30 Rue des Marchands.
- Monument du Général Rapp – 1856 (first shown 1855 in Paris. Bartholdi's earliest major work)
- "Fontaine Schongauer" – 1863 (in front of the Unterlinden Museum)
- "Fontaine de l'Amiral Bruat" – 1864
- "Fontaine Roeselmann" – 1888
- "Monument Hirn" – 1894
- "Fontaine Schwendi", depicting Lazarus von Schwendi – 1898
- Les grands soutiens du monde − 1902 (statue in the courtyard of the museum)
Other major works
Bartholdi's other major works include a variety of statues at Clermont-Ferrand; in Paris, and in other places. Notable works include:
- 1852: Francesca da Rimini[3]
- 1870: Le Vigneron[3]
- 1876 (plaster version in 1874) : Frieze and four angelic trumpeters on the tower of Brattle Square Church, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
- 1876: Union Square, New York City, United States.
- 1878: The Bartholdi Fountain in Bartholdi Park, the United States Botanic Garden, Washington, D.C., United States.
- 1880: Garibaldi.
- 1889: Switzerland Succoring Strasbourg at Basel, Switzerland, which was a gift from the French city of Strasbourg, in appreciation of the humanitarian help it had received during the Franco-Prussian War.
- 1890: Statue of Liberty in Potosí, Bolivia.
- 1892: Fontaine Bartholdi, on the Place des Terreaux, in Lyon, France.
- 1893: Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois; a bronze replica was erected in Providence, Rhode Island in 1893 and was taken down in June 2020.[16][17]
- 1895: Lafayette and Washington Monument," in the Morningside Park, New York City, United States.
- 1903: Vercingetorix,[3] equestrian statue in Place de Jaude, Clermont-Ferrand.
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Union Square, Manhattan, New York City
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Bartholdi's Lion of Belfort
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Vercingetorix, Place de Jaude, Clermont-Ferrand.
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Columbus statue, Providence, Rhode Island, erected 1892, removed 2020
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Switzerland Succoring Strasbourg in Basel, Switzerland
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Ancient California, painting in the Musée Bartholdi, Colmar. Height 150 cm (59 in), width 200 cm (79 in). Between 1871 and 1876.
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The New California, pendant of the preceding work. Same dimensions and inception.
In popular culture
The Statue of Liberty is a 1985 documentary film by Ken Burns which focuses on the statue's history and its impact on society.
Bartholdi's life and creation of Liberty Enlightening the World are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, Liberty: Mother of Exiles.
See also
References
Notes
- ^ "Bartholdi". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
- ^ "Bartholdi, Auguste". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
- ^ "Biographie". musee-bartholdi.fr. Musée Bartholdi, Colmar. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Bartholdi, Frédéric-Auguste". www.nga.gov. National Gallery of Art. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ Schenk, Peter (30 March 2016). "Mein Leben im Dreiland: Die Freiheitsstatue steht in Colmar | bz Basel". bz - Zeitung für die Region Basel (in German). Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ISBN 0-375-40883-5.
- ISBN 978-1-4396-3220-8.
- ISBN 88-7169-223-3.
- ^ "1904, Décès, 06" (in French). Archives de Paris. pp. 30–31. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ "Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi's Visit to the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Part 1". Chicagos 1893 Worlds Fair. 5 July 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
- United States National Park Service's Statue of Liberty website
- ^ Scoboria, Evan. "Guide to the Statue of Liberty's Dimensions (Height, Weight, and More)". SKNY. SKNY. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Statue of Liberty: Frequently Asked Questions", National Park Service website
- New York City Parks Departmentwebsite
- ^ Amaral, Brian (25 June 2020). "Providence removes statue of Christopher Columbus, its fate unclear". The Providence Journal. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
- ^ "Dedication of the Bartholdi statue of Columbus". Brown University Library. Brown University. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
Sources
- Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
Further reading
- Belot, Robert; Daniel Bermond (2004). Bartholdi.
- Blanchet, Christian. Statue of Liberty: The First Hundred Years (American Heritage Publishing Co., 1985).
- Durante, Dianne (2007). Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide. New York University Press.
- Gschaedler, Andre (1966). True Light on the Statue of Liberty and Her Creator.
- Moreno, Barry (2000). The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia. ISBN 0-684-86227-1.
- New York Public Library. Liberty: the French-American statue in art and history (Harper & Row, 1986).
- Price, Willadene. Bartholdi and the Statue of Liberty (Rand McNally, 1959).
External links
- Biography by the National Gallery of Art
- The Bartholdi Fountain and Bartholdi Park – Washington, DC
- The Musée Bartholdi (in French)
- The Statue of Liberty Enlightning the World, described by the sculptor Frédéric Bartholdy
- Works by or about Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi at Internet Archive
- Works by Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi in American public collections, on the French Sculpture Census website